UPS遭遇亞馬遜削減訂單及利潤壓力警告



Wolfe Research下調UPS評級,因亞馬遜削減運量及利潤率承壓

Wolfe Research近日將UPS(聯合包裹服務公司)評級由「優於大市」(Outperform)調降至「與同業持平」(Peer Perform),原因是該公司於2026年上半年面臨挑戰,主要來自亞馬遜削減與UPS相關的業務量,以及利潤率的壓力。

分析師Scott Group指出,UPS去年表現顯著落後,原因包括亞馬遜運量減少、取消小額免稅政策,以及將SurePost產品轉為自營配送。儘管UPS第三季度業績超出預期,且第四季度指引改善,股價自那時起已反彈約18%,但Wolfe認為這波反彈可能不會持續。

Group預計2026年上半年UPS盈利將持續承壓,因為亞馬遜運量將進一步下降,而成本削減尚未跟上。此外,國際包裹業務亦面臨年比年壓力,直到5月份中國取消小額免稅政策後才可能改善。

Wolfe預計2026全年盈利將持平或下滑,預測值較市場共識低約9%。由於估值已回落至歷史平均水平,因此將評級由「優於大市」降至「與同業持平」。

該研究機構預計2026年上半年將見到運量高峰及國內利潤率壓力,並預測隨著成本削減進展及新郵政地面快遞協議(USPS Ground Saver)推進,2026年下半年利潤率有望回升,但全年國內利潤率料維持平穩。

Group亦指出,若包裹價格保持強勁或企業對企業(B2B)業務反彈,Wolfe的判斷可能錯誤。若美國最高法院裁定反對IEEPA關稅,UPS股價短期內亦有望跑贏大市。

評論與深入分析

Wolfe Research對UPS的評級下調,反映出亞馬遜作為UPS重要客戶,其策略調整對物流業務影響重大。亞馬遜逐步削減外包運量,轉向自建物流體系,已成為包裹運輸行業的結構性變化。UPS面對的不只是單一客戶的減量,更是行業利潤率被壓縮的趨勢。

UPS雖然積極尋求成本優化和多元化客戶來源,但短期內難以完全抵銷亞馬遜帶來的負面衝擊。國際業務亦因政策變化及市場競爭加劇而承壓,說明全球物流環境仍充滿不確定性。

值得注意的是,Wolfe仍預期下半年利潤率將改善,顯示成本控制和新合作協議可能成為UPS翻身契機。這反映出物流企業在面對客戶結構調整時,需更靈活多元的策略以維持盈利能力。

對投資者而言,UPS的估值回歸歷史平均,代表市場對其未來成長持謹慎態度。短線內,UPS股價可能受宏觀經濟、法規判決及客戶需求波動影響較大。長遠看,UPS如何適應亞馬遜物流內部化趨勢,並拓展其他業務,是其能否持續穩健成長的關鍵。

總結來說,UPS的案例揭示物流行業正在經歷深刻變革。企業不僅要應對單一大客戶的策略調整,更需在全球市場中尋找新的增長動力和利潤來源。這對整個行業的投資價值和競爭格局都有深遠影響,值得投資者密切關注。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。

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