Stellantis今年罰款逾1.9億 美燃效新規放寬風波




Stellantis今年因未達美國燃油經濟標準被罰款1.906億美元

根據美國國家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)最新年度報告,以及意大利-美國汽車製造商Stellantis的數據顯示,該集團今年因未達到美國燃油經濟標準,被處以1.906億美元罰款。當中,Stellantis在今年3月支付了7830萬美元,6月再繳付1.123億美元,分別是針對2019及2020年車型年度的違規短缺罰款。自2018年以來,該公司累計繳納的罰款總額已達7.735億美元。

上月,NHTSA通知汽車製造商,根據前總統特朗普簽署的法律,從2022年車型年度起,未達燃油效率標準的違規行為將不再受罰。Stellantis對路透社確認了上述罰款數字,但拒絕進一步評論。

特朗普的稅務及預算法案終止了根據1975年能源法規定的企業平均燃油經濟標準(Corporate Average Fuel Economy,簡稱CAFE)罰款。

同時,電動車製造商Rivian本月在法庭文件中指出,由於NHTSA尚未處理2022年及以後車型年度的年終報告及合規通知,該公司無法完成先前協商的價值1億美元的信用額度交易。

這項燃油經濟罰款政策的變動,是華盛頓為了讓汽車廠商更容易生產汽油車而做出的多項調整之一。

過去,通用汽車(GM)曾因2016及2017年車型未達標支付1.282億美元罰款。去年,特斯拉(Tesla)披露其全球從銷售零排放電動車所獲得的監管信用額度收入達28億美元,這些信用額度亦出售給其他汽車製造商,協助他們達成排放目標。

今年6月,NHTSA進一步放寬美國燃油經濟標準,指責前任拜登政府在制定規則時,過度估計電動車的普及率,超出了其權限範圍。

根據拜登政府2023年的提案,汽車行業預計將面臨140億美元罰款,其中通用汽車約65億美元、Stellantis約30億美元、福特約10億美元,這些罰款將持續至2032年。然而,去年通過的最終規則則放寬了要求,NHTSA表示至2031年為止,整個汽車行業面臨的罰款不會超過18.3億美元。

評論與啟示:

Stellantis這次因未達美國燃油經濟標準被罰款的消息,反映出汽車行業在轉型期面對的巨大挑戰。美國政府在燃油標準上的政策調整,尤其是特朗普時期的法案,明顯放寬了對傳統燃油車的監管壓力,為汽車製造商提供了喘息空間,讓他們得以延緩全面轉向電動車的步伐。

然而,這樣的政策鬆綁也引發了對環保目標是否能如期達成的疑問。汽車廠商在享受罰款減免的同時,也可能降低了推動技術革新和減排的動力。特斯拉利用監管信用額度獲利的做法,揭示了市場機制在環境政策中的雙刃劍效應——既激勵了零排放車的發展,也可能讓部分傳統車廠藉此拖延轉型。

此外,Rivian因NHTSA未及時處理合規報告而受影響,反映出監管機構在政策轉變過程中的行政效率問題,這對於快速發展的電動車新創企業而言,是一大挑戰。

整體而言,美國燃油經濟標準的政策走向,是汽車產業與環境保護目標之間的微妙平衡。未來,隨著電動車普及率的提升及政府政策的再次調整,汽車製造商如何在合規與市場需求間找到最佳平衡,將成為關鍵議題。香港及全球市場的消費者和投資者,也應密切關注這些政策變化對汽車產業生態的深遠影響。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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