Rivian自家設計AI晶片引領自動駕駛新時代

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Rivian自家設計芯片 推動新一代自動駕駛系統

Rivian創辦人兼行政總裁RJ Scaringe於本週舉行首屆「自動駕駛與人工智能日」,公布多項重大技術突破。這家位於矽谷的電動車製造商首次揭露了一個長期保密的計劃:自主設計的硅晶片。

這款名為Autonomy Compute Module 3的晶片,是Rivian下一代車載電腦的核心處理器,具備每秒1600兆次稀疏INT8(8位元整數)運算能力,以及每秒處理50億像素的強大性能。這些數字代表了行業領先的運算能力。

Rivian表示,這個新晶片的性能是目前採用Nvidia晶片系統的四倍,數據驚人,足以顛覆現有自動駕駛的計算架構。

自主芯片助力神經網絡引擎與中介軟件

半導體是現代數碼設備的核心,大多數晶片製造需耗資數十億美元建設潔淨室與複雜工藝。Rivian雖然不自行生產晶片,但設計和封裝全部由內部團隊完成,這在汽車行業是極大突破。

Rivian電氣硬件高級副總裁Vidya Rajagopalan表示:「我們是汽車公司,不是全職晶片公司。」她曾在Tesla Model 3及多家芯片公司工作,對晶片設計瞭如指掌。Rivian使用ARM的微處理器核心,但自主設計了晶片中最關鍵的神經引擎部分,這是提供最大價值的核心。

Rajagopalan說:「設計晶片耗時且需頂尖團隊,但帶來的優勢是速度、性能和成本效益。我們能更快上市尖端AI產品,並針對自身需求優化晶片,為未來模型預留空間,避免使用為其他用途設計的通用晶片所帶來的負擔。」

這種自主晶片設計讓Rivian能靈活調整AI系統,支援其自家軟件、自動駕駛研究、地圖繪製及語音助理「Rivian Assistant」。用戶只需說「Hey Rivian」即可喚醒系統,完成複雜多步指令,支持中斷及短信功能,甚至無需依賴Apple CarPlay或Android Auto。

此外,Rivian還推出自主研發的中介軟件堆疊,作為各種應用、資料庫和服務間的橋樑,提升系統靈活性,加快測試和開發速度,並能跨平台及不同硬件擴展。

Rivian布局AI驅動的自動駕駛未來

Rivian同時發布了搭載新晶片的下一代自動駕駛平台。Scaringe強調,這款專為自動駕駛設計的晶片將帶來顛覆性進展,助力以人工智能重塑汽車產業未來。

他說:「AI正以前所未有的速度推動科技和用戶體驗進步,未來三至四年內,變化速度將遠超過過去數年。」

面對市場對AI是否會成為下一個「泡沫」的質疑,以及環保和就業風險,專家提醒AI的能源消耗和數據安全問題不能忽視。維吉尼亞理工教授Ali Shojaei指出,AI普及過程中可能帶來複雜且不理想的結果,環境影響和隱私安全是重要議題。

Scaringe則堅信,科技正處於轉折點:「未來我們幾乎無法想像生活中沒有全能AI的情況。」

他回顧過去五年,自動駕駛由基於規則和感知傳感器的系統,逐步轉向類神經網絡的理解模式。這一切將在2026年問世的R2車型中實現,配備Rivian自主研發的Autonomy Processor 1晶片、新型LiDAR傳感器,以及攝像頭和雷達等技術。

與Waymo全車環繞LiDAR不同,Rivian將主LiDAR安裝於擋風玻璃上方,避免外觀像計程車的「圓頂」設計。Scaringe表示,R2將實現點對點導航,且可通過OTA軟件更新推送至第二代車型。目標是實現駕駛者無需盯著路面也能安全行駛的自動駕駛,最終達成第四級自動駕駛,讓車輛能自行完成接送任務。

Rivian工程師坦言自動駕駛仍在完善階段,所有R2車輛將參與AI系統的眾包訓練。對於Waymo車輛曾多次違規超車校車事件,Rivian自動駕駛產品及計劃總監Nick Nguyen強調目前仍屬於二級自動駕駛,駕駛者需負責監控行車安全。

他說:「我們無法處理所有情況,但只要駕駛者注視路面(本階段要求),遇危險時駕駛者應接管。」

Rivian將於明年開始收費Autonomy+軟件平台,選擇一次性付費2500美元,或每月訂閱49.99美元,價格低於Tesla的全自動駕駛系統(一次付8000美元或每月99美元)。

編輯評論:Rivian自研芯片的戰略意義與挑戰

Rivian這次公開的自主芯片設計,顯示其不再滿足於僅是電動車製造商,而是積極向智能汽車生態系統的核心技術發展。自主設計的神經引擎不僅能大幅提升計算效率和AI性能,更能以更低成本、更高靈活度快速迭代,這對於面對激烈競爭的自動駕駛市場至關重要。

相比依賴Nvidia等通用晶片廠商,Rivian有能力根據自身需求定制架構,避免「搬磚式」的調整,這是行業少有的先進策略。中介軟件的自家開發進一步鞏固了其軟硬整合優勢,為未來軟件更新和功能擴展提供了強大支持。

然而,挑戰同樣嚴峻。晶片設計和生產是高風險、高投入的領域,技術更新迅速且競爭激烈。Rivian必須持續保持技術領先,且確保產品穩定安全,方能說服消費者和市場。AI自動駕駛的安全性、法律責任和倫理問題仍待解決,如何在創新與風險間取得平衡,是Rivian及整個行業的共同課題。

此外,人工智能的環境成本和數據隱私問題不容忽視。Rivian若能在節能減排與數據安全方面做出表率,將有助於提升品牌形象及用戶信任。

總括而言,Rivian的芯片自主化戰略是其向智能化汽車生態系統邁進的關鍵一步,將為未來車用AI和自動駕駛技術帶來更多可能。香港及全球消費者亦可期待更智能、更安全且更具成本效益的電動車產品問世,推動汽車產業進入新紀元。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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