RBC降評挪威國油:槓桿上升、天然氣價疲軟




RBC資本市場下調Equinor評級至「表現不佳」 目標價由300挪威克朗調低至260挪威克朗

RBC資本市場於週二發表報告,將挪威能源公司Equinor ASA的評級由中性下調至「表現不佳」,同時將目標股價由300挪威克朗調低至260挪威克朗。此舉主要反映分析師對該公司未來自由現金流壓縮、負債比率上升,以及相較同行股東總回報減少的擔憂,另有部分專案執行風險增加的考量。

近年來,Equinor受惠於歐洲天然氣價格異常高企,於2022至2024年間共向股東回饋約400億美元,佔2021年底市值44%。不過,RBC預計這種非凡的市場條件將逐步消退,Equinor將回歸較為「正常」的資產負債表結構。

未來市場焦點或將轉向資產負債表健康狀況,而Equinor在這方面相對競爭對手處於劣勢。由於挪威稅務支付具有滯後性,加上Equinor的回購計劃結構,RBC預測其負債率(gearing)將比大多同行增長更快,從2025年第一季的9%攀升至年底的23%,並可能於2026年接近30%。同期業界平均負債比率約為10%至20%。因此,RBC預計Equinor的股份回購金額將由2025年的50億美元銳減至2026年的20億美元,導致股東總回報率(TSR)從今年約15%降至2026年約10%。

此外,RBC對Equinor自由現金流的額外壓力表達擔憂,尤其是在該公司以25億美元收購丹麥Orsted公司10%股權後。雖然該收購案被視為長遠利好,但由於目前股價處於虧損狀態,引來市場質疑。RBC甚至猜測Equinor可能會進一步增持Orsted股份,進一步限制可用於股東分配的現金。

市場亦有傳聞Equinor或有意購入德國能源企業Uniper部分股權,但RBC對此持保留態度,質疑增加對增長有限市場的曝險是否明智。

在歐洲天然氣市場方面,RBC持悲觀看法,認為未來天然氣價格將比市場期貨曲線預期更為疲軟。分析師預計全球液化天然氣(LNG)供應將增長,尤其是Venture Global的Plaquemines項目增速超出預期。同時,亞洲特別是中國的LNG需求下降,令歐洲可用LNG供應增加。這些因素令RBC預測2026年天然氣價格存在下行風險,可能對Equinor的自由現金流和股價表現造成不利影響。

另一個重大風險來自美國的Empire Wind離岸風電專案,因監管障礙引起關注。美國內政部近期因環境審查不足,命令暫停該項目施工。Equinor於2024年初完全收購該專案,面臨約50億美元資本支出承諾的不確定性,包括是否能獲得預期20億美元稅務抵免。由於該專案預期回報率較低(4%至8%),RBC認為面臨資產減值風險,將進一步加劇Equinor的資產負債表壓力。

RBC在微調上游及中游業務貢獻,並將Empire Wind專案啟動時間從2028年延後至2030年後,將Equinor 2026年每股盈利預測下調6%。新目標價260挪威克朗基於70美元每桶油價的正常化企業價值/折現自由現金流(EV/DACF)估值;若油價跌至60美元,目標價將降至215挪威克朗。

評論與啟示

RBC的報告揭示出Equinor在能源市場結構轉變下面臨的多重挑戰。從過去數年靠歐洲高企天然氣價格獲利豐厚,到如今面對價格回落與財務槓桿上升的雙重壓力,Equinor的轉型之路並不平坦。尤其是負債比率急速攀升,可能限制公司未來的資本靈活度,並對股東回報造成負面影響。

此外,Equinor積極投資新能源項目如Empire Wind,雖然符合全球能源轉型趨勢,但高額資本投入與不確定的監管環境帶來風險,凸顯傳統能源巨頭在轉型過程中需兼顧財務穩健與長遠布局的困難。

在全球LNG市場供應增加及亞洲需求減弱的背景下,歐洲天然氣價格不再如過往般強勁,這對Equinor等以天然氣為主的能源公司是一大挑戰。公司未來如何調整戰略,平衡傳統能源與新能源投資,並有效控制負債,將決定其能否在新常態下持續吸引投資者。

最後,市場謠傳Equinor有意進一步收購Orsted或Uniper股份,反映出公司可能在尋求擴大全球能源版圖。然而,RBC質疑此舉的戰略合理性,提醒投資者警惕盲目擴張可能帶來的風險。

總結來說,Equinor正處於一個關鍵轉型期,投資者需密切關注其財務健康狀況、項目執行情況以及能源市場走勢,才能更全面評估其未來投資價值。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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上身近鏡 Enhanced AI Image Generation Prompt:

Create a cinematic, studio-quality close-up portrait (9:16 aspect ratio, 4K resolution) of a young East Asian woman on a winter afternoon in Taipei. She stands at the entrance plaza of a bustling shopping mall, bathed in the soft, golden glow of the warm winter sun. She wears a stylish white cocktail dress with a short skirt, her look elegant yet youthful.

Her pose is playful and animated: she raises both hands joyfully above her head, holding a handmade cardboard sign. Written in bold strokes of black marker, the sign reads: "TODAY IS MY BIRTHDAY." Her facial expression is a beautiful blend of joy and gentle shyness—her sparkling eyes and slight blush convey excitement and a touch of bashfulness.

The background subtly hints at the urban Taipei atmosphere, with softly blurred neon signs, modern architecture, and passersby dressed for the season, adding depth and authenticity. Capture delicate details: sunlight warming her skin, the gentle flow of her hair, and the texture of the handwritten sign. The overall mood is warm, festive, and inviting—a true cinematic moment infused with personality and charm.

(四個字是:生日快樂。) Create a sticker set maintaining 100% of the woman's original facial features from the provided image. Do not alter the face, focusing on ultra-realistic details of the facial structure, eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and expression. The final face must be realistic, not cartoon-like. She has long, voluminous hair.
1. Makeup:Maintain Original Face: We will preserve the structure of your face, eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and expression as closely as possible to the original image to maintain naturalness and uniqueness, while adjusting the tone to be softer:

Eyes: Slightly reduce the sharpness of the Cat Eye eyeliner to a thin line close to the lash line for a softer look, while still maintaining eye definition.
Eyeshadow: Use natural tones like light brown, peach, or beige.
Eyebrows: Original shape, but brushed up to look softer and more natural.
Lips: Glossy, pink-tinted, nude-pink, or coral-toned lipstick/tint to make the lips look full and moisturized. Focus on a bright but not overly intense look.
2. Hairstyle:Natural Voluminous Long Hair: Her hair is long and flowing, but the styling will emphasize natural volume and movement. Soft, natural waves.
3. Outfit:

Attire: A white open-back bodysuit paired with distressed, faded blue denim shorts. There is a message "Kunika" on the shirt.
Shoes: Elegant, simple open-toe flat sandals.
Accessories: Styled freely and fittingly for each scene.
4. Poses & Sticker Elements:Poses: Various poses such as waving, jumping, walking playfully, reading a book, holding up a sign, cheering with both hands, stretching, or making a celebratory gesture, to create a cheerful and friendly atmosphere.Decoration: Include elements like small rainbows, sparkling stars, clear bubbles, hearts, balloons, or light-colored dots to decorate and enhance the fun of each sticker scene.Style: Thin black border around the sticker. Use a modern, rounded 'Itim' style font for the text.Text: Add short emotional phrases written in a cute, beautiful script near the sticker (no speech bubbles/text boxes):

"Hello"
"Love you"
"Submitting work"
"Great"
"Got it"
"Thanks!"
"Wait a sec"
"Ready to care"
"Fight"
"Let's do it"
"So cute"
"OK"
"Sweet dreams:
"Get well soon"
"555"
"You're welcome"
"HBD" 
"OMG" 
"Sorry"
"Got a headache" 
Guidelines: Do not include a text box. Ensure balanced composition with sufficient white space—not cluttered. Match the pose to the text.
Emphasis: Reiterate 'maintain 100% of the original face features from the provided image,' 'ultra-realistic facial detail,' and 'professional studio lighting on face (realistic face, not cartoon face).

Use Cantonese in the stickers.