OpenAI轉型為公共利益公司,背後的原因是什麼?

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解釋:OpenAI為何計劃轉型為公共利益公司

(路透社)——OpenAI於星期五公布了一項計劃,將其盈利部門轉型為特拉華州的公共利益公司(PBC),以幫助籌集資金並在與谷歌等公司的昂貴人工智能競賽中保持領先。

OpenAI的新結構旨在使其成為更具吸引力的投資公司,同時維持資助相關慈善機構的使命。

包括Anthropic在內的競爭對手也採用了PBC結構,以平衡社會利益與股東價值。

什麼是公共利益公司?

雖然PBC和傳統公司都是盈利實體,但PBC在法律上被要求追求一個或多個公共利益,包括社會和環境目標。

特拉華州於2013年修訂了其一般公司法,以允許成立PBC。截至2023年12月,根據德克薩斯大學的Jens Dammann的研究,已經有19家公開交易的PBC。

在其博客中,OpenAI將目前的結構描述為「一個由非營利組織控制的盈利機構,並為投資者和員工設定了利潤上限」。

在新的組織架構下,非營利組織將持有盈利公司的股份,類似於外部投資者,而盈利公司則將資助非營利組織的慈善使命。

「PBC將運行和控制OpenAI的業務和操作,而非營利組織將聘請一支領導團隊和員工,以在醫療、教育和科學等領域推進慈善倡議,」該公司表示。

PBC與其他公司結構的區別

與PBC不同,非營利公司沒有股東,並將利潤再投資於其使命,而不是分配給個人。

PBC不會獲得特殊的稅收豁免或激勵,而非營利組織如果符合某些要求,通常會免除聯邦所得稅。

PBC的限制

成為公共利益公司並不保證公司會將其聲明的使命置於利潤之上,因為法律僅要求董事會在使命和盈利利益之間「平衡」,Tulane法學院的企業法教授Ann Lipton表示。

特拉華州法律要求公司向股東報告其在實現目標方面的進展,實際上,股東決定了PBC在多大程度上遵循其使命,Lipton補充道。

「選擇利益公司形式而非其他公司形式的唯一理由是向公眾宣告。它實際上並沒有任何真正的執行力,」Lipton表示。

一些法律專家還指出,公開交易的PBC更容易受到收購,因為競標者可以主張該公司缺乏利潤最大化,或者其公共利益目標與競標者的目標相抵觸。

一些現有的PBC

Anthropic和xAI:OpenAI的競爭對手,Anthropic和Elon Musk的xAI也採用了PBC。

Allbirds(NASDAQ:BIRD):Allbirds是一家位於舊金山的PBC,銷售由天然材料製成的可持續鞋類和服裝。

Kickstarter:Kickstarter是一家位於紐約的PBC,維持一個全球眾籌平台以支持創意項目。

Patagonia:Patagonia是一家位於加州的戶外休閒服裝、設備和食品零售商。根據其網站,公司已向環保組織捐贈超過2.3億美元。

Warby Parker(NYSE:WRBY):Warby Parker是一家位於紐約的眼鏡產品生產和零售商。該公司的「買一副,送一副」政策旨在幫助有需要的人。

這一轉型計劃展示了OpenAI在資本市場中對於創新和責任的雙重承諾,這不僅是對自身商業模式的調整,也是對社會責任的重視。在當前以技術為中心的經濟環境中,這樣的決策或將成為其他科技公司的一個重要參考,促使更多企業考慮如何在追求盈利的同時,也能為社會帶來正面的影響。這反映了投資者對於企業社會責任日益增長的期待,未來或將出現更多類似的公共利益公司。

以上文章由特價GPT API根據網上資料所翻譯及撰寫,過程中沒有任何人類參與 🙂

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