Nvidia CEO:中美AI數據中心建設大比拼

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Nvidia行政總裁稱美國建設數據中心需約三年,中國「一個周末就能建成醫院」

Nvidia行政總裁黃仁勳日前指出,中國在人工智能(AI)基建方面,尤其是在建設速度和能源供應上,明顯優於美國。儘管美國在AI晶片技術方面仍保持領先,但中國在大型項目建設速度上的優勢令人咋舌。

黃仁勳於11月底在與戰略與國際研究中心(CSIS)主席John Hamre的對話中表示,「在美國,從動工到建成一個AI超級電腦的數據中心,通常需要約三年時間;而中國甚至可以在一個周末建成一間醫院。」

除了建設速度,他亦對兩國在能源供應能力上的差距表示擔憂。黃仁勳指出,中國的能源產能約是美國的兩倍,但美國的經濟規模卻比中國大,這種情況讓他難以理解。他補充說,中國的能源產能仍在「持續快速增長」,而美國則相對停滯。

儘管如此,黃仁勳強調Nvidia在AI晶片技術及半導體製造工藝方面「遠遠領先中國幾代」,但他也提醒業界不要自滿,「任何認為中國無法製造的想法都是錯誤的。」

黃仁勳對Nvidia未來發展持樂觀態度,並提及前美國總統特朗普推動製造業回流和促進AI投資的政策,有助提升美國在相關領域的競爭力。

「AI需求無法滿足」

早在上月初,黃仁勳曾引起關注,預測中國將贏得AI競賽,但隨後他在Nvidia官方社交媒體上修正說,中國距離美國只有「納秒級」的差距。

目前,Nvidia是多家在美國大舉投資建設數據中心的科技巨頭之一。專家告訴《財富》雜誌,僅在未來一年,美國在數據中心建設上的投資可能超過1000億美元。

DataBank行政總裁Raul Martynek表示,數據中心的平均建設成本約為每兆瓦(MW)1000萬至1500萬美元,而一個中等規模的數據中心通常需要約40兆瓦電力。他預計,美國在未來一年將新增約5至7吉瓦(GW)的電力容量,以應付「似乎永無止境的AI需求」。

換算下來,這意味著投資規模低至500億美元,高則可達1050億美元。

評論與啟示

黃仁勳的觀點揭示了中美在AI基建競爭上的深層次差異,尤其是在基礎設施建設速度與能源供應能力上的巨大落差。中國能夠快速動員資源、集中力量辦大事的體制優勢,使其在硬件基建上更具彈性和速度,這對於快速迭代和部署AI技術至關重要。

反觀美國,雖然在技術創新和晶片設計上保持領先,但基建速度和能源擴展的瓶頸可能限制其AI產業的擴張速度。這提醒我們,科技競爭不僅是技術層面的較量,更是體制、政策與資源整合能力的綜合比拼。

美國若想在AI領域持續領先,必須在加快基建效率、擴大可再生能源投資及優化供應鏈方面下更多功夫。同時,企業和政府需協同合作,避免自滿心態,積極應對來自中國及其他新興市場的挑戰。

此外,數據中心龐大的能源需求也帶來環境壓力,業界應加快推動綠色能源和節能技術,確保AI發展可持續,避免成為能源消耗的負擔。

總結來說,黃仁勳的發言不僅反映了當前中美AI競爭的現狀,更提醒全球科技界,未來的勝負關鍵在於整體生態系統的協同發展,而非單一技術的突破。香港作為國際金融和科技樞紐,亦應關注這場競賽帶來的機遇與挑戰,積極打造具競爭力的創新環境。

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