Nvidia遭中國禁令重擊!股價暴跌,AI晶片戰受阻




Nvidia股價暴跌:美國突收緊對華出口禁令,5.5億美元貨變廢鐵

Nvidia 中國出口禁令

矽谷AI晶片龍頭Nvidia遭遇重大打擊

矽谷人工智能(AI)晶片巨頭Nvidia,近日面臨前所未有的衝擊。公司在週二晚間向監管機構披露,預計因美國政府突然收緊對中國的出口管制,將錄得高達55億美元的損失。受消息影響,Nvidia股價於週三盤前交易一度急挫6.9%。

H20晶片被突襲封殺

今次出口禁令的核心,是Nvidia專為中國市場、按照美國規則特別設計的H20圖像處理器(GPU)。不過,美國政府現時要求出口這款晶片必須獲得「特別許可證」——而分析師指出,過往同類GPU從未獲批這種許可。這一政策急轉,令價值數十億美元的庫存一夜之間變成「賣唔出」,原本的合規方案反而演變成巨大的財務炸彈。

巨額撇帳:損失或遠超55億美元

Jefferies分析師Blayne Curtis表示,Nvidia面對的損失不止於今季的55億美元撇帳,未來數月內因銷售流失,實際損失或高達100億美元。Curtis解釋,大部分撇帳都是已完成或接近完成的存貨,而非未來訂單。換言之,這批晶片無法簡單轉賣或取消訂單,極有可能直接變成電子廢料。

市場譁然:禁令或助長中國對手

華爾街分析師普遍感到震驚。事實上,早前多份報道還指美國監管機構在外交斡旋後,已放棄封殺H20出口,Nvidia CEO黃仁勳與前總統特朗普在Mar-a-Lago共進晚宴,更被視為「轉機」。Raymond James分析師Ed Mills形容新禁令「令人意外」。

Bernstein的Stacy Rasgon更直指禁令背後的邏輯有問題。他指出,H20的效能其實比華為等中國對手的多款晶片還要低,禁令反而會「拱手讓出」中國AI市場,助長華為等本土競爭者。「禁令等同將中國AI市場交給華為。」Rasgon直言。

Nvidia中國業務前景堪憂

過去數年,Nvidia多次為應對美國限制,專門為中國市場開發A800、H800及H20等「特供」版晶片。中國市場對Nvidia絕非「小數目」——2025財政年度,來自中國的收入高達170億美元,佔整體營收13%。

如今H20被封殺,未來又無明確申請許可的途徑,Nvidia在中國的市場份額勢必急劇萎縮,甚至隨時被擠出局。

大局觀:AI、地緣政治與市場博弈

這次新出口管制,反映美中在AI及高科技領域的貿易戰再升級。中國AI初創如DeepSeek,過去一直利用Nvidia舊款晶片,以遠低於美國本土的成本訓練自家模型。華盛頓擔心,中國獲得這些高端晶片,會加速AI發展,構成國安威脅。

Nvidia現時正加緊調整戰略,市場亦密切觀察美中貿易戰的最新動向。Nvidia近年股價飆升,帶動整個科技板塊牛市,但這次突如其來的挫折,正好證明:當地緣政治遇上半導體,AI繁榮隨時「一夜蒸發」。

編輯評論:美中科技脫鈎下的「雙輸」困局

這次Nvidia「一夜損失55億美元」事件,絕不僅僅是單一企業的財務危機,更是全球科技產業鏈地緣政治風險的縮影。美國政府出於國安考慮,急於切斷中國獲取先進AI晶片的渠道,卻忽略了這種「一刀切」措施,短期內只會令中國本土企業(如華為、DeepSeek等)在缺乏外部競爭下迅速壯大,甚至加速自主研發。Nvidia等美企則失去一個龐大、增長最快的市場,長遠反而削弱自身全球競爭力。

更值得深思的是,這種「科技冷戰」模式,是否真的能阻止中國AI崛起?還是只會推動中國加速「去美化」?對香港及亞洲其他地區的AI創業者而言,這場大國博弈意味著什麼?是機會,還是危機?未來全球科技合作生態,恐怕會愈趨分裂,創新速度亦未必如過往般無阻力地狂奔。

作為香港科技業者,我們或許要重新思考:如何在東西方「科技鐵幕」下,保持彈性、尋找突破?這不單是企業的生死存亡,更是整個城市創科定位的試煉。

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