Nvidia慘蝕150億 美中芯片戰火升溫




英偉達因中國晶片限制遭受 150 億美元打擊,美國科技戰略受考驗

美國與中國之間不斷升級的科技競爭,對半導體龍頭英偉達(Nasdaq: NVDA)的業務造成了嚴重打擊。該公司在全球 AI 晶片供應鏈中扮演關鍵角色,卻被捲入出口管制的交叉火力中。

在台北舉行的 Computex 科技展上,英偉達 CEO 黃仁勳透露了美國限制向中國銷售先進晶片的嚴峻財務成本,損失高達 150 億美元的銷售額。

「不僅僅是損失 55 億美元,我們還放棄了 55 億美元的銷售額,總共損失了 150 億美元的銷售額,可能還有 3 億美元的稅收」,黃仁勳在接受科技分析師 Ben Thompson 採訪時說,這是自出口管制收緊以來,他對影響的最坦率評估。

這些限制是美國多年來限制中國獲得先進半導體技術的最新升級。特朗普政府決定要求英偉達的 H20 晶片許可證,儘管該公司努力設計該處理器以滿足之前的出口管制要求。

業界內部人士指出,禁令的時機是在華盛頓發布混雜信號後。4 月初的報道表明,限制可能會暫停,但在黃仁勳參加了在馬阿拉巴拉舉行的高調籌款晚宴後,監管機構通知英偉達,許可證將被無限期要求。

在台北的演講中,黃仁勳挑戰了這些限制的戰略智慧,認為它們可能會加速中國推動半導體自給自足的步伐。

「任何認為一個棋步就能禁止中國獲得 H20 晶片,從而阻止他們進行 AI 運算的人,都是極度無知的」,黃仁勳說,補充說「全球 50% 的 AI 研究人員是中國人,你無法阻止他們」。

這些地緣政治緊張局勢迫使英偉達調整其中國戰略。熟悉此事的消息來源稱,在黃仁勳確認當前 Hopper 設計無法進一步修改後,該公司正在為中國市場開發全新的晶片架構。

「修改 Hopper 已經不可能了」,他指的是 H20 晶片架構的基礎。

中國科技公司則紛紛投資國內半導體開發。華為已加速生產其昇騰 AI 晶片,而手機製造商小米宣布未來十年將投資 69 億美元進行晶片設計。

作為編輯,我認為這篇文章揭示了美國對中國的晶片出口限制對英偉達業務的重大影響,也凸顯了全球科技競爭的複雜性。美國政府的限制可能加速中國推動半導體自給自足的步伐,進而對全球科技產業產生深遠影響。同時,英偉達作為全球半導體龍頭,必須調整其中國戰略,以應對不斷變化的市場環境。

此外,這篇文章也提出了一些值得思考的問題。美國政府的出口限制是否真的能夠有效限制中國的 AI 發展?還是會加速中國推動半導體自給自足的步伐?這些限制對全球科技產業又將產生怎樣的影響?這些問題都值得我們深入探討和分析。

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