Novavax疫苗曙光?FDA或批准,長新冠患者盼望




美國FDA或將批准非mRNA Novavax新冠疫苗 加強針獲得新希望

芝加哥消息——數以千計支持Novavax新冠疫苗加強針的美國民眾近日傳來好消息:美國食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)暗示或將批准這款疫苗,儘管衛生部長羅伯特·F·肯尼迪(Robert F. Kennedy Jr)曾質疑其有效性。

Novavax疫苗是美國唯一一款非信使RNA(mRNA)技術的新冠加強針疫苗。隨著部分州開始禁止mRNA疫苗,這款疫苗成為許多無法或不願接種mRNA疫苗人士的唯一選擇。傳統疫苗如Novavax是將病毒部分成分直接注入人體,而mRNA疫苗則是輸送病毒蛋白製造指令,讓人體細胞自行合成病毒蛋白從而誘發免疫反應。

Novavax疫苗自2022年起以緊急使用授權(EUA)形式供應。相比Moderna及輝瑞/BioNTech的mRNA疫苗已獲得全面批准,Novavax的正式批准原定於4月1日由FDA公布,但未有解釋原因而延遲。直至本週三,Novavax獲悉FDA願意考慮批准其疫苗,條件是公司須在批准後提供更多臨床數據以證明疫苗效力。基於此溝通,Novavax表示相信申請已具備「可批准」條件。

對於延遲原因及額外數據要求,衛生與公共服務部(HHS)發言人強調機構致力於確保產品安全且建立於「黃金標準的科學」之上。

疫苗尚未獲全面批准,患者及疫苗專家擔心長期新冠患者等群體將失去保護手段。來自洛杉磯的娛樂項目經理保羅·亨尼西(Paul Hennessy)表示:「看到進展令人寬心,但我們未至於慶祝。」他協助組織超過3200人向疾病控制與預防中心(CDC)免疫實踐諮詢委員會提交書面意見,並持續致電FDA表達訴求。

疫苗質疑與患者憂慮

肯尼迪是疫苗長期批評者及環保律師,2021年曾請求FDA撤銷所有新冠疫苗的緊急使用授權。他於4月10日接受CBS訪問時聲稱Novavax疫苗只針對病毒一種抗原,並認為「單抗原疫苗對呼吸道疾病從未奏效」。

疫苗專家對此感到困惑,指出多種有效的單抗原呼吸道疫苗存在。匿名疫苗研究員表示:「所有第一代新冠疫苗均為單抗原疫苗,明顯有效。」

肯尼迪曾多次聲稱不會剝奪任何人接種疫苗的權利,但患者仍感憂慮。紐約布魯克林的凱蒂·墨菲(Kaiti Murphy)患有長期新冠和肥大細胞活化綜合症,醫生建議她避免mRNA疫苗。她依賴加強針避免病毒再感染引發症狀惡化,擔心疫苗停售會威脅健康。

同樣患長期新冠的加州財務經理薩爾瓦托雷·馬泰拉(Salvatore Mattera)曾接種mRNA疫苗後出現面部麻木等嚴重副作用,轉用Novavax三次後僅感手臂酸痛,無其他不良反應。

關於加強針對長期新冠的效果,證據仍有限。耶魯大學生物免疫學家岩崎明子(Akiko Iwasaki)及其團隊的研究發現,大多數長期新冠患者接種mRNA加強針後情況良好,但約三分之一症狀惡化,其中一人甚至住院。研究期間尚無Novavax疫苗,但岩崎認為由於Novavax反應性較低,長期新冠患者可能更易接受。

上週向CDC諮詢委員會提交意見的患者中,多數支持批准Novavax,理由是其副作用較少。約翰霍普金斯健康安全中心感染病專家阿梅什·阿達爾賈(Amesh Adalja)認為Novavax加強針最終可能獲批,但FDA加大監管要求,與其領導人肯尼迪的反疫苗立場有關。

隨著現有Novavax加強針批次將於4月底過期,Reddit等社交平台上不少用戶分享搶購最後疫苗的資訊,迎接夏季新冠疫情高峰。

亨尼西表示:「FDA這步是正向發展,但我們仍需確保能獲得疫苗。」

編輯評論:

Novavax疫苗的批准爭議,凸顯出美國疫情防控中科技與政治的交織問題。mRNA疫苗雖然技術先進,但社會上對其安全性依然存在疑慮,特別是在部分反疫苗聲音推波助瀾下。Novavax作為傳統技術代表,為一些特殊群體提供了重要替代方案,尤其是長新冠患者和免疫反應異常者。

FDA的審慎態度雖然符合科學監管標準,但若無法及時批准,將造成患者群體的健康風險與心理焦慮。肯尼迪作為衛生部長,其對疫苗的質疑言論不僅影響公眾信心,更可能將科學評估政治化,這對公共衛生政策的獨立性和透明度構成挑戰。

此外,疫苗的多樣性與選擇權是疫情管理的重要環節。疫情後期,病毒變異和人群免疫狀況複雜,單一技術的疫苗可能難以滿足所有需求。Novavax的潛在批准,象徵著疫苗策略的多元化,對抗疫形勢有積極意義。

未來,監管機構應在科學證據基礎上,加強與患者群體的溝通,平衡安全審核與緊急需求,避免政治因素干擾專業判斷。只有這樣,才能確保疫苗能夠公平、及時地惠及更多需要的人,推動疫情防控走向真正的常態化與可持續發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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