MIT AI模型解碼蛋白質密碼,解開疾病之謎!

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AI模型解碼蛋白質中的定位密碼

白海德研究所和MIT計算機科學與人工智能實驗室(CSAIL)的研究人員創建了一個機器學習模型,以預測和生成蛋白質的定位,這對於理解和治療疾病具有重要意義。

蛋白質的多樣性與功能

蛋白質是維持我們細胞運作的主要工作者,細胞中有數以千計的不同類型的蛋白質,每種都執行特定的功能。研究人員早已知道,蛋白質的結構決定了它的功能。最近的研究顯示,蛋白質的定位同樣對其功能至關重要。細胞內部充滿了各種隔間,這些隔間幫助組織細胞內的各種成分。除了生物學教科書中描述的已知細胞器外,這些空間還包括多種動態的無膜隔間,這些隔間能集中某些分子以執行共同的功能。因此,了解某個蛋白質的定位及其與哪些其他蛋白質共定位,對於深入理解該蛋白質在健康或疾病細胞中的角色極為重要,但研究人員一直缺乏一種系統的方法來預測這些信息。

從結構到定位的預測

在過去的五十多年中,蛋白質結構的研究取得了重大進展,最終導致了人工智慧工具AlphaFold的誕生,該工具能根據蛋白質的氨基酸序列預測其結構。與此同時,MIT教授Richard Young及其同事開始探索那些不折疊成固定結構的氨基酸區域,是否可以用來預測蛋白質的定位。雖然已有研究發現一些蛋白質序列與其定位相關,但研究人員尚不清楚是否可以根據序列預測蛋白質的定位。

現在,Young及其同事們開發了一個名為ProtGPS的模型,並在《科學》雜誌上發表了他們的研究成果。該模型能預測蛋白質將定位到12種已知的細胞隔間,並能判斷與疾病相關的突變是否會改變該定位。

驗證模型的有效性

研究團隊對模型的預測進行了實驗測試,結果顯示ProtGPS能以高準確率預測蛋白質的最終位置。研究人員還檢測了ProtGPS在疾病相關突變下對蛋白質定位變化的預測能力。他們發現,許多與疾病相關的突變確實改變了蛋白質的定位,並確認了ProtGPS的預測。

推進蛋白質設計的邊界

研究人員不僅希望ProtGPS能預測現有蛋白質的定位,還希望它能設計出全新的蛋白質。研究團隊約束模型僅設計類似自然界中存在的蛋白質,這一方法在藥物設計中常見,因為自然經過數十億年的演化已經找到了有效的蛋白質序列。

通過與Young實驗室的合作,機器學習團隊能夠測試他們的蛋白質生成器。結果顯示,模型生成的蛋白質在細胞中成功定位到核仁,這為未來的治療設計提供了新的方向。

未來的展望

研究人員希望ProtGPS能像AlphaFold一樣,被廣泛應用於研究蛋白質功能、失調及疾病。隨著對定位重要性的理解加深,這一模型將有助於開發新的治療假設和設計功能更強大的蛋白質。

總的來說,這項研究不僅揭示了蛋白質定位的潛在機制,還為未來的治療策略提供了新的視角。隨著技術的進一步發展,ProtGPS有望在生物醫學領域開創新的研究與應用方向。

這項研究強調了跨學科合作的重要性,展示了機器學習在生物科學中的應用潛力,未來我們將看到更多關於蛋白質功能和疾病機制的突破。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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