Meta斥148億投資Scale AI 挑戰美國反壟斷審查




Meta投資148億美元入股Scale AI  考驗特朗普政府對「收購式招聘」的監管態度

路透社報道,Facebook母公司Meta斥資148億美元投資數據標註初創企業Scale AI,並聘請該公司CEO,將成為特朗普政府如何看待所謂「收購式招聘」(acquihire)交易的試金石。這類交易被一些人批評為規避監管審查的手段。

這宗交易於周四公布,是Meta迄今第二大投資。Meta獲得Scale AI 49%非投票權股份。Scale AI利用零工經濟勞動者手動標註數據,其客戶包括Meta競爭對手微軟(Microsoft)和ChatGPT開發者OpenAI。

由於Meta未取得控制權,該交易無需美國反壟斷監管部門審查。然而,若監管機構認為交易是為逃避審查或損害競爭而設,仍可介入調查。

據報道,該交易結構似乎避免了切斷競爭對手使用Scale服務或讓Meta窺探競爭者內部運作等問題。不過,路透獨家披露谷歌(Google)因Meta入股決定終止與Scale合作,其他客戶亦有意觀望。

Scale AI發言人強調,公司業務涵蓋大型企業及政府,仍然穩健,並致力保護客戶數據,對谷歌具體情況不作評論。Scale 28歲CEO Alexandr Wang將隨交易加盟Meta,但仍留任Scale董事會,並會被限制接觸敏感信息,兩名知情人士透露。

喬治華盛頓大學競爭法中心主任William Kovacic認為,科技巨頭普遍認為在特朗普政府下,人工智能合作的監管環境較為寬鬆。特朗普的反壟斷執法者表示不願過度干預AI發展,但對大型科技平台仍保持警惕。

他說:「這意味著他們會密切關注企業行動,但不一定會阻止這些合作關係。」

拜登政府期間,聯邦貿易委員會(FTC)曾調查亞馬遜聘請AI初創Adept高管的交易,以及微軟6.5億美元收購Inflection AI的交易,後者讓微軟使用該公司的模型並聘用大部分員工。亞馬遜交易最終未遭進一步行動,FTC對微軟的調查則尚未有執法結果。

FTC發言人周五拒絕評論。

波士頓學院法學教授David Olson認為,Meta取得非投票少數股權是明智之舉,有助於避免監管風險,但FTC仍可能審查該協議。

不過,這宗交易也有反對聲音。美國民主黨參議員Elizabeth Warren正調查微軟與谷歌的AI合作,對Meta投資提出質疑。她表示:「無論Meta如何包裝這宗交易,若違反聯邦法律,非法壓制競爭或助長壟斷,反壟斷執法機構都應調查並阻止。」

儘管Meta正面臨FTC的壟斷訴訟,尚不清楚該機構是否會質疑其與Scale的合作。

據彭博新聞報道,美國司法部反壟斷部門最近開始調查谷歌與聊天機器人開發商Character.AI的合作是否為規避反壟斷審查而設。司法部亦正尋求谷歌提前通知其新AI投資,作為限制其在線搜索壟斷地位的措施之一。

編輯評論:
Meta今次以非控股方式入股Scale AI,表面上避開了反壟斷監管的紅線,但實際上是否真能保障市場競爭,仍有待觀察。從谷歌終止合作反映出,當競爭對手成為投資者時,市場信任和合作關係可能受損,這對AI生態系統的開放性與創新能力構成挑戰。

特朗普政府與拜登政府在監管風格上的差異,反映出美國在AI及大科技領域監管策略的搖擺。雖然特朗普時期似乎更放鬆,但對大型科技平台仍存戒心;拜登政府則更積極介入,但實際執法進度緩慢。這種不確定性可能促使科技公司設計更複雜的投資與合作結構,試圖尋找監管灰色地帶。

此外,參議員Warren的強硬態度提醒我們,監管機構與政治人物對AI領域壟斷問題的敏感度正在提高,未來可能加強審查力度。對香港及全球市場而言,這種監管趨勢值得關注,因為AI技術的快速發展與大企業壟斷風險同時存在,平衡創新與公平競爭成為當務之急。

總括來說,Meta與Scale AI的交易不僅是資本運作,更是監管政策與市場競爭態勢的縮影。未來,如何在促進AI技術進步與防止市場壟斷之間取得平衡,將是全球監管機構和業界共同面對的重大課題。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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