Intel面臨生死關頭 或將退出晶片代工市場




英特爾股價急挫8% CEO警告若無大客戶將退出晶片製造業務

路透社報道,英特爾(Intel)股價於星期五大跌8%,原因是公司警告若未能獲得主要客戶支持,將可能退出晶片製造業務。這是新任CEO陳立武(Lip-Bu Tan)為削減開支並振興這家美國半導體巨頭所採取的激烈措施。

陳立武於星期四表示,英特爾將進一步縮減員工規模,停止位於歐洲的兩個工廠建設,並放慢俄亥俄州另一工廠的進度,徹底放棄前任CEO依賴昂貴設施以恢復製造優勢的策略。

這些極端措施是在英特爾意外公布第二季度調整後虧損及預測第三季度虧損將超出預期後提出。財務狀況持續惡化,反映該公司多年管理不善,導致其在個人電腦及數據中心市場的份額流失,並幾乎未能在人工智能市場佔有一席位。

TD Cowen分析師Joshua Buchalter指出,此次披露再次引發外界對英特爾晶圓代工業務成功機率的疑問,以及若無法發展領先製造能力,公司未來的出路何在。他強調這一潛在結果在半導體產業歷史中的重要性不容小覷。

根據新策略,英特爾可能將其先進的18A製程保留給自家產品,若能成功吸引主要外部客戶,才會推進下一代14A製程,陳立武於財報會議中向分析師透露。

此舉可能使英特爾價值逾1,000億美元的資產面臨風險,並加深對競爭對手台積電(TSMC)的依賴,進一步壓縮已經處於歷史低位的利潤率。

Gabelli Funds的投資組合經理Hendi Susanto表示,英特爾晶圓代工業務是個大事件,目前市場對18A製程的成功充滿疑慮,若18A失敗,整個故事將破產。

若虧損持續,英特爾市值將蒸發近80億美元。目前約1,000億美元的估值僅為競爭對手超過2,600億美元的超微(AMD)的一半。英特爾今年股價表現遠遜於競爭對手,僅上升12.8%,相比之下,人工智能熱門股英偉達(Nvidia)上漲30%,AMD更達34%。英特爾的12個月預期市盈率為42.55,高於英偉達的33.90及AMD的32.12。

自今年3月接任CEO以來,陳立武已開始剝離業務、裁員並重新分配資源,企圖重振這家陷入困境的晶片製造商。他在週四致員工的備忘錄中強調,「不會再有無限支票」(No more blank checks)。

評論與啟示

英特爾這次的戰略轉向,尤其是公開警告可能退出晶片製造領域,顯示出這家半導體老牌巨頭正面臨前所未有的挑戰。多年來,英特爾在工藝製程上的落後使其在AI和高端晶片市場逐漸失勢,競爭對手如台積電和AMD迅速崛起。陳立武的做法雖然痛苦,但或許是必須的自我修正,避免繼續燒錢建設高成本工廠卻無法確保市場份額。

然而,這同時也暴露出英特爾的核心困境:如何在資本密集、技術快速迭代的半導體產業中,保持創新領先和市場競爭力?依賴外部客戶和代工廠,雖然短期可節省資本支出,但長遠看可能削弱自主製造能力,讓英特爾陷入被動。

對香港及全球投資者而言,這是觀察半導體產業競爭格局變化的關鍵時刻。英特爾的命運不僅影響美國科技供應鏈,也牽動全球科技產業鏈的平衡。投資者需警惕其風險,同時留意是否有其他新興技術或策略能助其重回巔峰。

總括來說,英特爾的未來充滿變數。這次轉型能否成功,將成為半導體產業乃至整個科技行業的一大風向標。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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