Google競爭激烈 TPU晶片助慳數十億




分析師指Google可因ASIC服務商競爭而節省數十億美元AI芯片成本

根據Bernstein分析師最新報告,Google自家設計的人工智能芯片Tensor Processing Units(TPUs)有望因應應用專用積體電路(ASIC)服務提供商之間日益激烈的競爭,每年節省數十億美元成本。

報告指出,現時TPU在「每美元性能」方面,相較於現代GPU約有4倍優勢,但這只是計算芯片本身的購置成本。若將軟件、研發及封裝等系統整體成本納入考慮,TPU依然可帶來1.5至4倍的成本節省,顯示其在特定AI工作負載上的經濟效益不容忽視。

這種成本優勢主要源自競爭對手GPU的高利潤率。Bernstein指出,TPU與GPU在物料成本(包括記憶體及晶圓代工費用)上的差異僅約1.3至2.4倍,但其餘成本差距則來自NVIDIA等GPU供應商高達70%或以上的毛利率。

隨著大型AI模型訓練的規模和成本迅速增長,硬件效率提升卻相對緩慢,Bernstein認為ASIC如TPU的使用將成為必要之舉。分析師強調「摩爾定律已不敷應用」,因其每年僅能將每次運算成本降低25%至40%,而模型規模則以約3.5倍速度增長。

目前,部分大型雲端服務商如Amazon和Google已自行開發ASIC,但Meta、Microsoft、OpenAI及xAI等仍依賴外部供應商。Bernstein預計,儘管需求可能存在波動並有新客戶加入,ASIC市場長遠仍會持續擴大。

評論與啟示

這份報告揭示出AI硬件市場一個鮮明的趨勢:隨著AI模型複雜度和規模的爆炸式增長,傳統GPU的成本和效率瓶頸日益明顯,推動了ASIC芯片的崛起。Google透過自行設計TPU,不僅在性能上取得優勢,更在成本控制上具備明顯競爭力,這將為其在AI領域的持續創新和商業化帶來巨大助力。

同時,NVIDIA等GPU巨頭的高毛利率反映出產業鏈中存在的價值分配不均,這為新興ASIC服務商和客戶帶來了更多談判空間與利潤空間。未來,隨著更多企業投入ASIC設計及製造,AI硬件競爭將更趨激烈,或會催生更多技術突破及商業模式革新。

此外,這也提醒我們,單靠硬件性能提升(摩爾定律)已難以滿足AI發展需求,系統整合、軟件優化和專用芯片設計將成為關鍵方向。對香港及亞洲科技產業來說,積極投入ASIC相關技術和生態建設,不僅有助提升本地競爭力,更能搶佔全球AI硬件市場的一席之地。

總括而言,這是AI硬件進化路上的重要里程碑,值得業界持續關注並積極布局。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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keep 100 percent facial information adherence of the attached image and turn her into a fashion model walking through a dim stone tunnel toward a bright exit, captured as a live action photograph or movie still, not an illustration or CGI render. Her styling leans seductive and attractive through fashion, attitude, and mood rather than explicit content.

Shot and Camera

Full body silhouette shot from behind at slightly low camera height, matching the original perspective and narrow tunnel framing. Keep her stride, tunnel curvature, and vanishing light exactly as seen.

Identity and Pose

Preserve her height impression, slim silhouette, hair length, and body proportions. She walks forward with one hip subtly angled, natural arm swing, confident stride, and a slow, sensual rhythm. Her head tilts slightly as if aware of being watched. Include 8k Photorealistic and hyper realistic.

Lighting and Environment

Strong backlight from the tunnel exit creates a glowing rim around her body, with soft, scattered reflections on the wet stone floor. The tunnel remains dark with textured stone irregularities and real moisture streaks. Add subtle haze for realism and keep the environment grounded with accurate shadows and surface wear.

Masking and Constraints

Change only the outfit and styling, keep lighting, perspective, white balance, pose, face geometry, body proportions, and silhouette the same. Absolutely no added text, no cartoon look, no CGI sheen, no plastic skin, no floating feet, and no overly clean backgrounds. Maintain consistent perspective, grounded contact shadows, film like grain, and full live action realism. 一隻在香港茶餐廳喝奶茶的貓 Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A female model with sharp features, defined cheekbones, and intense, direct eye contact (though eyes are slightly in shadow from the hat).
• Aesthetic: Vintage fashion, Pin-up, 1950s/1960s style, high-glamour, summer resort wear.
• Lighting: Bright, harsh sunlight creating high contrast and crisp shadows. The light should perfectly illuminate the skin and the vibrant colors of the dress.
• Color Palette: Dominated by vibrant yellow, crisp white, and bold red, accented by deep black.
Specific Outfit & Details:
• Dress: A bright yellow halter-neck sundress with a classic white polka-dot pattern. It has a fitted, sweetheart neckline or bustier-style top that enhances the silhouette.
• Accessories:
• A very large, wide-brimmed sun hat in crisp white (or light straw/fabric) that casts a shadow over the upper face.
• A matching yellow polka-dot scarf tied closely around the neck (like an ascot or choker-style).
• Large, striking black statement earrings (circular, drop, or bead style).
• Bold red lipstick is a key feature, contrasting sharply with the yellow and white.
Technical/Camera Details:
• Shot: Close-up or medium-close-up portrait, focusing on the torso, neckline, face, and hat.
• Depth of Field: Shallow (low f-stop), with the model in sharp focus and the background slightly blurred (bokeh).
• Background: Out-of-focus, suggesting a bright outdoor location, with abstract shapes of boats/yachts (white and red accents visible) in a marina setting.