Google出招!FireSat衛星升空,更快揪出山火,救命兼救地球!

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早期發現野火的系統FireSat啟動內幕

2025年3月17日

首顆專為早期發現及減輕野火影響而設的衛星已經發射升空。以下是這個項目如何誕生的故事。

記憶中的野火撤離

朱麗葉·羅森伯格(Juliet Rothenberg)清晰地記得四年前在加利福尼亞野火中撤離自己社區的情景。她表示:“在我們撤離後,我們不斷查看衛星影像,想知道火焰是否已經越過道路,因為如果越過了,我們知道我們的社區就會燒毀。”幸運的是,這並沒有發生,但在撤離期間,朱麗葉卻花了數小時等待更新,因為更好的數據“並不存在”。

全球的野火威脅日益嚴重,從澳大利亞到亞馬遜再到美國,創下了燒毀面積的紀錄。目前的衛星影像通常分辨率低,更新不頻繁,無法探測到小火災。朱麗葉說:“我們完全不知道我們的社區是否安全。每12小時才更新一次的衛星影像讓我們感到無比焦慮,而整個灣區的天空卻是紅色,煙霧瀰漫。”更讓她震驚的是,野火當局擁有的數據也並不比她的好多少。

需要更好的野火檢測系統

朱麗葉對於改善野火檢測的需求早已心知肚明。她是谷歌研究部門氣候人工智能項目的產品總監,該團隊參與了FireSat衛星項目的開發,旨在及早探測和追蹤野火——在它們造成巨大破壞之前。FireSat的首顆衛星於本週成功發射。當整個衛星星座在未來幾年內運作時,它將能在20分鐘內探測到僅有5×5米大小的火災——大約是教室的面積。這對於減緩野火的科學和實踐來說是一個重大進步。以下是這個項目如何發展的概況。

更早、更準確地發現火災

谷歌研究部門和衛星製造商Muon Space是Earth Fire Alliance的創始合作夥伴,這是一個專門支持FireSat的非營利組織。首顆衛星的資金部分來自於Google.org創立的AI Collaboratives: Wildfires,這是一個匯聚了領先非營利組織、學術機構、政府機構和企業的倡議,旨在共同利用人工智能來預防野火的毀滅性影響。作為AI Collaboratives的一部分,Google.org提供了1300萬美元的資金來支持FireSat星座的首顆衛星發射。

來自Google.org和摩爾基金會的資金使得FireSat的實際工作得以啟動。聯合創始人克里斯·范阿斯代爾(Chris Van Arsdale)充滿動力地表示:“我們知道必須掌握野火的二氧化碳減排。”朱麗葉解釋說,二氧化碳排放形成了一個惡性循環:氣候變暖和乾燥使得野火更頻繁地發生,且出現於新地點。這些火災釋放更多的二氧化碳,進一步加劇熱量在大氣中的滯留,導致氣溫上升和氣候變化加速。改善野火管理也能保護面臨這些威脅的生命、家庭和社區。

FireSat擴展了我們在2020年首次啟動的野火響應工作(最近在洛杉磯使用)——利用人工智能和衛星影像創建野火邊界地圖。這使得依賴谷歌搜索和地圖獲取有用信息的人能夠看到他們所在地區野火的大致大小和位置,同時也向附近社區發出安全提示。

新AI模型的建設(和測試)

這個新型AI快速比較世界上某個地點的影像與該位置的歷史影像,考慮周圍基礎設施和當地天氣等因素,以判斷是否發生火災。

克里斯表示:“區分真實的火災和環境中的隨機‘噪音’是一個挑戰。我們必須確定什麼是真正的火災,什麼是傳感器問題或像素錯位。”開發實用的科學解決方案需要大量的測試和調整;他們甚至將一架飛機裝上傳感器來實驗進展。“第一次使用飛機時,我們團隊的一名成員在後院點燃了燒烤和火坑,這樣我們就能飛過去測試,”項目經理艾瑞卡(Erica)說。“傳感器能夠捕捉到火焰。”

準備發射——和未來的展望

在這些訪談進行時,首顆FireSat衛星剛剛抵達SpaceX的發射場。

就在昨天,谷歌研究團隊的成員觀看了火箭及衛星升空的情景。艾瑞卡說:“由於發射日期經常變動,我們決定不訂機票,而是大家一起開車來。”她稱之為“迷你麵包車計劃”。雖然他們對自己的努力能夠升空感到興奮,但他們更期待看到消防員和緊急應變人員如何利用FireSat更快、更有效地反應。

從大局來看,FireSat將促進野火的基礎科學研究。衛星數據將為全球火災擴散的歷史記錄貢獻,讓科學家能更好地建模和理解野火行為。朱麗葉表示:“FireSat不僅僅是一個緊急響應工具,它也是減少溫室氣體排放的絕佳工具。這顆星座實際上在為減緩氣候變化做出貢獻的同時,也在應對這一挑戰。”

這項技術的誕生不僅是科技進步的體現,更是人類面對氣候變化挑戰的積極應對。隨著全球氣候變化的加劇,FireSat的出現不僅能夠幫助我們更好地應對野火的威脅,還能在更廣泛的範疇內推進環境保護和可持續發展的努力。我們期待未來能看到更多這樣的創新技術,為保護我們的地球貢獻力量。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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