Compass收購Anywhere恐加重美樓市負擔?參議員憂心買家受損




美國參議員指Compass收購Anywhere房地產經紀業務,將損害買家利益

美國最大住宅房地產經紀公司Compass計劃收購競爭對手Anywhere Real Estate,但兩位民主黨參議員警告,這宗交易可能會損害買家利益,特別是在當前住房供應短缺的情況下。

麻薩諸塞州參議員伊麗莎白·沃倫(Elizabeth Warren)和俄勒岡州參議員羅恩·懷登(Ron Wyden)日前向司法部和聯邦貿易委員會(FTC)反壟斷部門發出信函,表示此交易可能推高經紀佣金費用,並限制買家接觸房源的渠道,令本已負擔沉重的買家雪上加霜。

沃倫是參議院銀行委員會的最高民主黨成員,懷登則是財政委員會的民主黨排名議員。兩人此舉正值時任總統特朗普正面臨解決住房可負擔性問題的壓力,而特朗普此前曾多次稱住房負擔問題為民主黨的「騙局」。

Compass行政總裁羅伯特·雷夫金(Robert Reffkin)上月表示,公司相信此交易將促進競爭,並有信心獲得監管機構批准。該交易價值42億美元,將把Compass與擁有Century 21及Coldwell Banker等品牌的Anywhere合併。合併後,Compass將在美國擁有約1000間辦公室和86000名經紀人,並成為擁有34萬名經紀人、遍佈120個國家的全球房地產巨頭。

沃倫和懷登指出,市場競爭減少會削弱壓低經紀佣金的動力。根據信函,美國平均房地產佣金約為5%至6%,幾乎是全球平均水平的兩倍。

私密房源服務引發擔憂

參議員們特別關注Compass的「獨家房源」服務,即房屋先由經紀人內部獲得,才公開上市。這種做法令規模較小的經紀公司和買家處於不利地位。

信件中提到:「大型經紀公司通過將房源保留在自家網絡內,阻斷競爭對手獲取必要資料,削弱較小公司實力,令新進者難以公平競爭。」近年私密房源數量增加,公平住房倡導者及房產平台Zillow也批評此舉可能導致歧視問題。

這宗合併是近期房地產服務業多宗大型交易之一。今年司法部已批准抵押貸款公司Rocket收購Redfin房源平台及抵押服務商Mr. Cooper,聯邦貿易委員會則起訴Zillow與Redfin的合作案,指其削弱市場競爭。

Rocket行政總裁Varun Krishna指出,使用Rocket抵押貸款的Redfin買家比例已從27%升至近40%,強調公司正打造前所未有的房屋購買一條龍服務。

評論分析:

這宗Compass與Anywhere的合併案反映了美國房地產經紀市場正面臨的結構性挑戰。住房供應緊張本已令買家負擔沉重,若市場集中度進一步提高,不但壓低競爭可能性,還可能推升經紀佣金,最終令購房者付出更高成本。

參議員沃倫和懷登的關注點十分關鍵:房源資訊的私密化限制了市場透明度,令市場競爭受阻。這不僅損害小型經紀公司的生存空間,更可能令消費者無法獲得最全面的房源選擇,增加選擇成本和不公平風險。

從監管角度看,反壟斷審查不僅是考慮企業規模,更應深究市場結構對消費者福利的長遠影響。房地產經紀行業佣金高企問題由來已久,但因市場分散及複雜,監管難度大。此次合併案若放行,可能成為推高佣金的催化劑。

此外,私密房源的存在也可能加劇市場不公平,甚至引發歧視問題。這提醒我們,房地產市場的數據透明度和公平性,對保障消費者權益至關重要。

香港市場雖然規模較小,但同樣面臨房價高企和資訊不對稱問題。此類合併案的監管經驗值得本地政策制定者借鑒,避免市場過度集中,保障買家權益。

總結而言,Compass與Anywhere的合併案不單是商業策略,更涉及住房公平與市場競爭的核心問題。監管部門需謹慎審視此類交易,確保不損害消費者利益,推動市場健康發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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