Anthropic CEO:DeepSeek證美出口管制有效,中企AI競爭力增

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Anthropic的CEO表示DeepSeek顯示美國出口規則有效

在周三的一篇文章中,Anthropic的CEO達里奧·阿莫代伊(Dario Amodei)對中國AI公司DeepSeek的成功是否意味著美國對AI晶片的出口管制無效展開了討論。

阿莫代伊最近與前美國副國家安全顧問馬特·波廷傑(Matt Pottinger)共同撰寫了一篇專欄,主張加強出口管制。他在文章中表示,目前的出口管制正在減緩中國公司如DeepSeek的進展。阿莫代伊指出,與美國生產的最強AI模型相比,DeepSeek的表現仍然不如,尤其是考慮到發布的時間框架。

“DeepSeek生產的模型接近於美國模型的性能,但其訓練時間已經晚了7到10個月,且成本遠低於(但並不接近人們所建議的比例),”阿莫代伊表示。“這是一個預期的持續成本降低曲線上的點。不同之處在於,首次展示預期成本降低的公司是中國。”

阿莫代伊將DeepSeek的一個旗艦模型DeepSeek V3與Anthropic的Claude 3.5 Sonnet進行比較,後者的訓練成本高達「幾千萬美元」。Sonnet的訓練在9到12個月前完成,而DeepSeek的模型則是在11月或12月訓練完成——然而,阿莫代伊指出,Sonnet在若干「內部和外部評估」中仍然領先。

“美國公司也在達成通常的成本降低趨勢,”阿莫代伊補充道。“DeepSeek開發的效率創新將很快被美國和中國的實驗室用於訓練數十億美元的模型。”

在文章中,阿莫代伊稱讚DeepSeek的「非常有才華的工程師」,並表示「顯示中國是美國的嚴重競爭者」,他預見根據特朗普政府可能採取的出口政策將出現分歧。在特朗普上任之前,拜登政府已經施加了新的硬體出口限制,這些限制預計在未來幾個月內生效,但如果特朗普希望這些限制被縮減,則可能會改變。

如果特朗普加強出口規則,阻止中國獲得阿莫代伊所描述的「數百萬個晶片」用於AI開發,那麼美國及其盟國可能會建立一個「指揮性和持久的領先」,阿莫代伊聲稱。相反,如果美國不使中國在進口AI晶片方面面臨更多挑戰,中國可能會「將更多的人才、資本和焦點」引導到AI技術的「軍事應用」上,這令他擔憂。

“結合其龐大的工業基礎和軍事戰略優勢,這可能幫助中國在全球舞台上取得主導地位,”阿莫代伊表示。“要明確的是,這裡的目標並不是剝奪中國或任何其他專制國家在科學、醫學、生活質量等方面從強大的AI系統中獲得的巨大利益。每個人都應該能夠從AI中受益。目標是防止他們獲得軍事優勢。”

阿莫代伊的願望似乎可能會實現。在周三的參議院聽證會上,特朗普提名的商務部長候選人霍華德·盧特尼克(Howard Lutnick)指控DeepSeek竊取了美國的知識產權。

“這顯示了我們的出口管制,沒有關稅支持,就像打地鼠一樣,”盧特尼克表示。“中國的關稅應該是最高的。”

作為商務部長,盧特尼克將在執行特朗普提高和強化關稅的計劃中發揮關鍵作用。

Anthropic的主要競爭對手OpenAI也呼籲特朗普政府採取更積極的措施,以確保美國在AI領域的主導地位。在最近發布的政策文件中,OpenAI警告稱,如果美國不吸引必要的全球資金來支持AI項目,這些資金將「流向中國支持的項目」,並「加強中國共產黨的全球影響力」。

對於這篇文章的看法,阿莫代伊的觀點引發了重要的思考。美國在AI領域的優勢不僅取決於技術的開發,更關乎於如何有效地管理和控制這些技術的擴散。面對中國的競爭,美國是否應該採取更具保護性和主動的政策來保護自身的技術優勢?同時,這樣的政策是否可能引發國際間的緊張關係及貿易爭端?這些都是值得深入探討的重要問題。

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