AI 心理輔導 Chatbot:精神健康新突破?抑或過渡方案?

Ai




全球首個心理健康聊天機器人試驗可能成為轉捩點

愛或恨,聊天機器人無疑已經成為我們生活的一部分。隨著越來越多人開始向像Claude和ChatGPT這樣的工具尋求個人幫助,之前對於其在心理健康方面的價值僅有零星的經驗性證據,但這一切正在改變。

達特茅斯大學的研究人員進行了首個此類試驗,使用校方開發的一個生成式AI聊天機器人,以量化這類新技術模型對心理健康挑戰者的有效性。在這項研究中,106名來自美國的參與者被診斷為重度抑鬱症(MDD)、廣泛性焦慮症(GAD)或飲食失調,參加了一項為期四周的隨機臨床試驗。控制組在第四周至第八周期間則可使用名為Therabot的智能手機聊天機器人。

與ChatGPT等聊天機器人不同,Therabot會主動與參與者互動,詢問有關情緒和心情的問題,這促使用戶作出反應並進一步參與對話。在試驗結束時,約有四分之三的Therabot用戶在此期間沒有接受其他心理健康干預,並根據症狀緩解指標進行評估。

參與者中,抑鬱症患者報告其症狀平均減輕了51%,在心情和整體福祉方面有明顯改善;而GAD組則報告其症狀平均減少了31%,這使得許多人的臨床焦慮水平從中度降至輕度,甚至低於診斷閾值。對於飲食失調的參與者來說,身體形象的改善平均達到19%,這在傳統治療方法中是相當困難的。

達特茅斯醫學院副教授尼古拉斯·雅各布森表示:「我們觀察到的症狀改善與傳統門診治療的報告相當,這表明這種AI輔助的方法可能提供臨床上有意義的好處。」他指出,儘管面對面護理無可替代,但目前的提供者數量遠遠不夠。

這項研究再次強調了心理健康支持的需求,尤其是在美國,需求遠超供應,臨床焦慮或抑鬱患者中每位治療師需負責約1600人。雖然聊天機器人尚未接受專門的培訓,但它們提供了隨時可達的支持,這種即時的可靠性建立了使用者的信任。

雅各布森補充道:「我們希望看到生成式AI能夠為龐大的在面對面護理系統外的人群提供心理健康支持。我認為人與人之間的治療和基於軟件的治療可以共同發揮作用。」

參與者在使用Therabot時感到有幫助,儘管技術正在迅速進步,醫療專業人員仍對過度依賴這種建議和反饋持謹慎態度。達特茅斯希契醫療中心的助理教授兼精神科醫生邁克爾·海因茨表示:「雖然這些結果非常有希望,但沒有生成式AI代理能夠在心理健康領域完全自主運行,因為可能會遇到許多高風險的情況。我們仍需更好地理解和量化在心理健康背景下使用生成式AI所帶來的風險。」

Therabot的開發是通過與心理學家和精神科醫生的磋商進行的,專門用作心理健康支持工具。因此,使用者會收到開放式的回覆,鼓勵他們進一步討論自己的擔憂和情緒狀態。在試驗中,設有防護措施以識別任何有自殘風險的參與者,並提供可點擊的緊急護理鏈接。

在試驗的前四周後,用戶(以及控制組)又有四周的Therabot使用權限,但這次沒有應用程序主動提供提示。參與者仍然繼續與聊天機器人互動。

整體而言,人們在試驗期間與Therabot溝通的時間約為六小時,這相當於八次與治療師的會面。並且在症狀最為明顯的時候(例如深夜)使用量有所上升。這表明用戶在試驗的提示階段結束後,仍然與聊天機器人保持互動,且形成了一定的信任關係。

雅各布森表示:「我們沒有預期人們會幾乎把這個軟件當作朋友來對待。這讓我感到他們實際上是在與Therabot建立關係。」他補充道,人們會感到與機器人交談更為自在,因為它不會對他們進行評判。

研究參與者報告稱,他們對Therabot更加坦誠,但該研究並未評估這一單獨優勢如何幫助緩解症狀。儘管研究人員迅速警告過度依賴這項技術的未經研究風險,但該研究顯示出需求和潛在好處的存在。

雅各布森指出:「我們的結果與那些能夠獲得金標準認知療法的患者相當。我們談論的是潛在地在更短的時間內為人們提供等同於最佳治療的機會。」

他補充道:「隨著ChatGPT的發布,許多人急於進入這一領域,並且很容易推出看似不錯的概念驗證,但其安全性和有效性尚未得到充分證實。這是一個需要謹慎監督的案例,而提供這種監督確實使我們在這個領域中脫穎而出。」

這項研究發表在《新英格蘭醫學雜誌:NEJM AI》上。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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Use my image in Ultra-realistic, hyper-detailed, 8K cinematic portrait of a young stylish man, using the uploaded image for exact face and hairstyle.
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Pose: A hyper-realistic close-up portrait with a messy, cropped framing showing only the boy holding the book. His left hand rests on the wooden table and covers part of his cheek, with a subtle smile on his lips. His other hand holds the book titled "Something I Never Told You" with the word "YOU" written in pink, exactly as
described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. Use the original face exactly as it is, without changing a details. A stunning, very fit female model with a sun-kissed, glowing tan (hyper-realistic, high-sheen skin texture).
• Attire: A strapless, high-waisted one-piece swimsuit (or very closely cut two-piece) in a dark navy or black color with prominent white polka dots. The suit has a cutout design around the midriff and a knotted/bow detail at the bust.
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• An oversized straw sun hat with a wide brim, featuring a colorful striped ribbon band.
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• Hair & Makeup: Classic glamour style. Bright, bold red lipstick. Hair is pulled back or tucked under the hat.
Setting & Composition
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• Prop: The model is leaning on an antique or elaborate wooden armchair or chaise lounge with ornate carvings and textured, light gold/yellow upholstery (e.g., damask or brocade).
• Pose: Confident, classic, slightly leaning into the prop, looking directly at the camera with a bright, genuine smile. Three-quarter body shot.
Style & Lighting
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• Aesthetic: High-fashion editorial, Pin-up, Retro 1950s Glamour, Vintage Summer.
• Keywords/Details: Hyper-detailed, photorealistic, cinematic lighting, rich texture, high contrast, high sheen. {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A stylish beautiful woman portrayed as Cleopatra, the eternal Queen of Egypt, radiating supreme authority, elegance, and divine power.",
"angle": "Full-body editorial portrait captured at a cinematic 3/4 angle, both Cleopatra and the horse positioned diagonally, rendered in ultra-crisp clarity with no blur.",
"pose": {
"body_position": "She is riding a majestic white horse, seated confidently with impeccable royal posture, her torso slightly turned to a 3/4 angle to emphasize grace and dominance.",
"hands": "One hand gently holds the gold-accented reins, while the other rests elegantly near her waist, displaying ornate jewelry.",
"expression": "She looks directly at the camera with a calm, commanding, and seductive gaze—the unmistakable presence of a queen born to rule."
}
},

"appearance": {
"outfit": "An opulent, ultra-bongga Cleopatra couture gown in pristine white and radiant gold. The gown features a sculpted corset bodice richly embroidered with gold hieroglyphic motifs, sun-disk patterns, and crystal beadwork. Flowing white silk, chiffon, and sheer organza panels cascade dramatically from the waist and shoulders, creating powerful movement as she rides. A daring thigh-high slit reveals her leg, balancing sensuality with imperial elegance. Every seam is traced with gold-thread embroidery for a luminous, goddess-like silhouette.",
"accessories": "She wears the exact Cleopatra headpiece from the attached reference image: a regal black-and-gold striped nemes-style headdress with a polished gold cobra (uraeus) centerpiece at the forehead, structured side panels, and intricate gold detailing. Paired with a wide Egyptian collar necklace with turquoise accents, engraved gold arm cuffs, crystal finger rings, an ornate gold waist belt, delicate anklets, and elegant flat Egyptian sandals.",
"hair": "Her hair is fully concealed beneath the nemes headpiece as shown in the reference image, ensuring perfect historical accuracy and symmetry.",
"makeup": "Ultra-bold, highly colorful Egyptian eye makeup with ceremonial ink artistry. Her eyes feature sharp elongated black kohl eyeliner extended dramatically past the outer corners, layered with vivid turquoise, teal, emerald green, sapphire blue, violet, and metallic gold pigments blended in high-fashion gradients. Beneath each eye, intricate hand-drawn ink designs inspired by ancient Egyptian symbolism are visible—fine black and gold lines, dots, and sacred motifs echoing hieroglyphs and protective markings, following the natural curve of the lower eye and cheekbone. Her complexion is flawless and softly bronzed with luminous highlights, brows are sculpted and powerful, cheeks carry a subtle coral-rose flush, and lips are finished in a refined nude-rose satin tone to balance the intense, artistic eye look."
},

"props": {
"animal": "A powerful, majestic white horse with a flowing ivory mane, sculpted muscles, and intelligent dark eyes. The horse wears elegant white-and-gold tack engraved with Egyptian motifs, symbolizing royal conquest, divine favor, and sovereignty."
},

"background": {
"macro_environment": "A vast open desert landscape near the Egyptian palace and pyramids at golden hour, stretching endlessly beneath a dramatic sky glowing with gold, amber, and soft ivory tones.",
"midground_details": "Distant pyramids rising from the sand, monumental stone statues, ceremonial banners moving in the wind, and faint silhouettes of royal guards and attendants placed far behind for scale.",
"micro_elements": "Fine desert sand lifted by the horse’s movement, sharply defined gold engravings on the reins, visible embroidery threads on the gown, subtle translucency of sheer fabrics, radiant light reflections on gold surfaces, and crisp, realistic shadows—everything rendered with extreme clarity and zero blur."
},

"lighting": {
"type": "Cinematic natural golden-hour lighting with soft reflective highlights.",
"effect": "Warm sunlight intensifies the white-and-gold palette, ignites the vibrant eye makeup colors and ink details, and illuminates the horse’s coat, creating a radiant, divine, editorial glow."
},

"camera": {
"camera_type": "DSLR",
"resolution": "8K UHD",
"lens": "50mm prime lens",
"aperture": "f/8 for maximum sharpness across subject and background",
"iso": 100,
"shutter_speed": "1/250s to freeze motion while maintaining realism",
"focus": "Extreme sharp focus from foreground to background, no bokeh, no blur"
},

"style": "High-fashion editorial, cinematic realism, divine Egyptian royalty, white-and-gold couture contrasted with vibrant ceremonial eye art, powerful, sensual, ultra-detailed, sharp, majestic"
}

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