AI顛覆雲端策略混合運算成未來必然路線

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AI終結雲端優先策略：混合運算成為唯一出路

五年前，雲端被視為萬能解決方案，但隨着人工智能（AI）興起，這種看法開始變得模糊不清。

過去十年，雲端與本地（on-premises）運算的爭論激烈，最終雲端大獲全勝，成為主流選擇。如今，隨着AI技術對運算需求的改變，企業開始重新審視雲端是否仍是最佳方案。

雲端優先策略遭遇挑戰

德勤（Deloitte）最新報告警告，目前許多基於雲端的基建未必能應付新興的AI需求。報告指出：「為雲端優先策略打造的基建無法承受AI的經濟壓力。」傳統為人力設計的流程不適用於AI代理，過去依賴周邊防禦的安全模型無法抵禦機器高速運作的威脅，而IT運營模式也無法推動業務轉型。

因此，企業正考慮從純雲端轉向混合雲模式，結合雲端與本地運算，技術決策者紛紛重新評估本地方案的可行性。德勤團隊形容，這是「從雲端優先走向策略性混合——雲端提供彈性，本地保證一致性，邊緣運算則確保即時反應。」

四大問題促使策略轉變

德勤分析了雲端AI面臨的四個核心挑戰：

1. **雲端成本飆升且難以預測**：儘管AI的token成本在兩年內下降了280倍，但部分企業每月雲端費用仍高達數千萬美元。過度使用雲端AI服務會導致頻繁API請求和成本激增。當雲端花費超過相當本地系統總成本的60%至70%，投資本地基建反而更划算。

2. **雲端運算延遲問題**：AI應用常需接近零延遲的反應速度，對於要求10毫秒以內回應的場景，雲端處理的固有延遲無法接受。

3. **本地基建提供更高韌性**：AI的關鍵任務不能中斷，因此若連接雲端中斷，必須依靠本地基建維持運行。

4. **數據主權問題**：部分企業不願完全依賴境外服務商，開始將運算服務「回流」至本地管轄區。

混合三層架構成最佳方案

德勤建議採用三層混合策略：

– **雲端負責彈性**：應對變動的訓練工作負載、突發容量需求及實驗。
– **本地確保一致性**：用於高量、持續穩定的生產推論，成本可控。
– **邊緣運算提供即時性**：在製造業或自動駕駛等需分秒必爭的場景，邊緣設備可做出極速反應。

FedEx前軟件架構師Milankumar Rana亦認同混合策略的重要性。他指出，雲端服務如AWS、Azure和GCP非常成熟，適合快速擴展和降低前期成本，但對於數據主權、監管要求或極低延遲需求，仍需保留部分工作負載在本地。安全和合規仍是企業不可推卸的責任，雲端雖有強大安全措施，但企業必須嚴格執行加密、存取和監控規範。

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評論與啟示

這篇文章精彩地揭示了AI技術如何徹底改變企業的IT基建策略，打破過去「雲端優先」的絕對思維。隨着AI對運算效能、成本和延遲的嚴苛要求，純粹依賴雲端已無法滿足多元化需求，混合雲和邊緣運算的興起乃是必然趨勢。

對香港及亞洲企業而言，這種轉變尤具啟示意義。香港作為國際金融與科技樞紐，面對數據主權和監管壓力，混合模式不僅能兼顧成本控制與性能需求，也符合本地法規要求。企業應該更積極評估自身AI應用的特性，合理分配雲端、本地及邊緣資源，避免盲目追求雲端擴張而忽略潛在風險。

此外，安全依然是核心議題。無論是雲端還是本地，企業必須建立全面的安全監控與合規機制，確保數據和服務不受威脅。未來，隨着AI技術和應用不斷演進，IT策略的靈活性和多元性將成為企業競爭力的重要保障。

總括來說，這篇報道不僅反映了技術趨勢的轉折，更提醒企業領導者在AI浪潮下重新思考IT投資與架構設計，推動真正符合業務需求的混合運算策略，才能在未來市場中立於不敗之地。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由GEMINI根據內容自動生成。

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