AI碳排放超137國 家環境危機你估唔到!

Ai




「20個人工智能系統的碳排放量超過137個國家」——人工智能對環境的真正代價令人震驚

在英國,特別是東南部,巨型而不起眼的建築物如雨後春筍般出現。這些建築雖然龐大,卻無明顯標誌告訴你它們是什麼。現時已有477座,未來五年還將新增約100座。在紐卡素附近的布萊思,前布萊思發電廠原址將建造10座這類建築,佔地54公頃,耗資100億英鎊,工程預計於2031年開始。

這些看似倉庫的建築,其實是「倉庫中的超級電腦」。BBC節目主持人Tom Heap在《Rare Earth》節目中形容:「裡面有數以百萬計的電腦,與我們日常使用的電腦相似,但組成伺服器,整齊排列在巨大的架子上。」

這些數據中心由亞馬遜、谷歌、微軟等巨企擁有,處理從簡單網絡搜尋、串流服務、雲端存儲、網上銀行到加密貨幣等各種網絡流量。

隨著人工智能(AI)需求激增,全球數據中心的數量迅速增加。模擬人類語言和行為非常複雜,需龐大計算能力,因此興建了這些耗電巨大的「倉庫」。

麻省理工學院研究指出,一次對ChatGPT(OpenAI開發的熱門AI程序)的查詢,比一次簡單的網絡搜尋消耗約五倍電力。訓練像GPT-3這樣的大型語言模型,耗電量相當於130戶美國家庭一年的用電。

Heap解釋:「電腦本質上就是高效的電熱器。每次查詢ChatGPT,都需要一品脫水來冷卻系統。」

為何如此耗電?因為ChatGPT-3.5擁有約1750億個參數——AI用來預測和生成輸出的內部變數。參數越多,模型越強大,但所需計算能力也越大。據估計,ChatGPT-4擁有多達1.8萬億個參數,訓練時的碳排放量是前代的12倍。

全球層面上,Heap表示:「數據中心消耗全球電力的2%至4%。」隨著AI被政府、企業和個人廣泛應用,且應用日益複雜,這數字正急速攀升。

由於缺乏統一的測量標準,準確量化AI的能源需求困難,但中國浙江大學研究發現,2022年20個AI系統的碳排放量,超過了137個國家的總和。

人工智能能否助力解決環境與社會問題?

能源消耗只是問題之一。數據中心佔用大量土地,原本可用於建造住房。更令人擔憂的是,耗能巨大的AI是氣候變化的重要推手。然而,有人相信AI也能幫助解決環境和社會問題。

以有機農業為例,目標是盡量可持續生產食物。AI有潛力協助農民模擬天氣和害蟲對作物的影響,找到不用化肥或農藥改善土壤健康的方法。

但土壤協會的Adrian Steele提醒要謹慎:「AI正在大規模推動化石燃料的生產和消耗。我們農民面臨的問題是,如何利用這項新技術:是促進大規模單一作物生產,減少人手,還是幫助小型農戶重建本地供應鏈?」

大型數據公司已意識到環境問題。谷歌利用AI優化數據中心冷卻系統,降低能耗,減少碳排放。微軟曾試驗海底數據中心,包括2018年至2020年在奧克尼群島附近的重大項目,海底環境有助冷卻處理器並維持系統穩定。當然,電力越來越多由可再生能源供應。

浙江大學一研究員表示:「AI有潛力通過更有效的資源管理、推動可再生能源技術和改善氣候變化模型,顯著造福環境。但同時它也是一把雙刃劍。」

評論與啟示:

這篇報道深刻揭示了人工智能背後隱藏的巨大能源消耗和環境成本,這是一般用戶甚少關注的議題。AI雖然帶來便利和創新,但其背後的碳排放規模令人震驚,甚至超過許多國家整體排放。這提醒我們,在推崇AI技術的同時,必須正視其對地球的負擔。

尤其值得注意的是,AI系統的規模和複雜度不斷提升,意味著未來能源消耗只會更大。此時,如何找到平衡點,不僅是技術挑戰,更是政策和社會責任的重大考驗。企業和政府應加強推動綠色數據中心、提升能源效率及使用可再生能源,否則AI的發展可能會加劇氣候危機。

此外,報道提及AI在農業等領域的潛力,提醒我們技術本身無善惡,關鍵在於應用方向。AI能否成為支持可持續發展的工具,取決於人類如何設計和利用它。這也啟示我們,未來的AI政策應兼顧環境、經濟與社會利益,推動技術與生態和諧共生。

總括而言,這篇文章不僅是對AI環境成本的警示,更是呼籲我們重新思考科技進步的真正意義和代價。面對AI時代,香港及全球社會都應該保持警醒,用更全面和可持續的視角來審視和規劃未來發展。

以上文章由GPT 所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由GEMINI根據內容自動生成。

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Promte ✅ 

A hyper-realistic night portrait of a handsome young man leaning casually against a black luxury car, laughing heartily with head tilted slightly back. He has a groomed beard, short styled dark hair, and is wearing a plain black long-sleeve crewneck sweatshirt. The lighting is low-key and cinematic, with the subject's face warmly illuminated against the darkness. The background features a dark street with beautiful, creamy golden bokeh orbs from distant streetlights and car headlights. Shot on a Sony A7R IV with an 85mm f/1.4 lens, shallow depth of field, sharp focus on the smile, high contrast, moody urban night atmosphere, 8k resolution. Size 4:5 ratio 100% use my upload reference image {
"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A beautiful real human woman portrayed as Cleopatra, seated majestically on her royal Egyptian throne, maintaining 100% likeness to the reference.",
"pose": "Confident, elegant, and seductive seated posture with her back straight and shoulders relaxed. One hand rests authoritatively on the throne’s armrest while firmly holding a ceremonial cobra staff, and the other hand rests sensually on her thigh. Her legs are positioned to subtly reveal the high slit of her gown, radiating queenly dominance, power, and allure.",
"hair": "Long, thick, voluminous hair flowing past her shoulders, colored deep dark brown with a rich natural sheen. The hair is worn loose and sleek with soft natural movement, cascading elegantly down her back and framing her face in a regal manner.",
"makeup": "Bold royal Egyptian glam with highly colorful eye makeup. Her eyes feature layered pigments of turquoise, sapphire blue, emerald green, and molten gold, enhanced with dramatic black ink-style Egyptian eyeliner extending boldly beyond the outer corners in graphic, calligraphic strokes. Metallic accents and micro-shimmer highlight the inner corners. Skin remains warm, glowing, and luminous with sculpted bronze contours, peachy blush, and radiant highlights. Brows are full, strong, and queenly. Lips are soft nude-peach with a glossy, luminous finish to balance the intense eye look.",
"attire": "An ultra-luxurious, sexy Cleopatra couture gown in pure luminous white. The gown is body-hugging through the bodice and hips, featuring a plunging deep neckline adorned with gold filigree, crystal embellishments, and sacred Egyptian symbols. A dramatic thigh-high slit reveals her leg elegantly. Additional elements include gold-thread embroidery, sculpted drapery, and gemstone accents along the waist and slit. A long, ultra-sheer, lightweight cape made of fine translucent silk chiffon flows from her shoulders, delicately dusted with gold shimmer and subtle hieroglyphic motifs, adding movement and divine softness to her powerful presence.",
"crown": "An extraordinarily grand and opulent Cleopatra headpiece—the ultimate royal Egyptian crown. Crafted from radiant gold, it features a dominant central cobra (uraeus) with emerald and lapis lazuli gemstone eyes, flanked by winged sun disks, lotus engravings, and layered ceremonial plates. The crown rises elegantly with intricate detailing, inlaid gemstones, and divine symmetry, making it unmistakably royal, powerful, and legendary.",
"accessories": "Lavish layers of royal accessories including an oversized beaded broad collar necklace in gold, turquoise, lapis lazuli, and carnelian; stacked gold arm cuffs engraved with hieroglyphs; gemstone-studded bangles; multiple ornate rings; a delicate gold waist chain draped over her hips; and detailed anklets with symbolic charms that enhance her divine queen status.",
"footwear": "Traditional Egyptian royal flat sandals crafted from gold-plated leather with delicate beaded straps, turquoise and lapis inlays, open-toe design, and sacred cobra and lotus motifs."
},

"throne": {
"design": "A massive, ultra-bonggang ancient Egyptian royal throne made of carved gold, obsidian, and polished stone.",
"details": "The throne is richly decorated with winged sun disks, twin cobras, lion-head armrests, lotus and papyrus carvings, and engraved hieroglyphs symbolizing power, eternity, and divine rule. The backrest rises high above her head like a ceremonial monument, inlaid with turquoise, lapis lazuli, and gold leaf patterns. Cushioned with deep ivory and gold-embroidered textiles, the throne radiates absolute authority and unmatched royal luxury."
},

"props": {
"primary": "A ceremonial golden staff topped with a sculpted cobra head, its eyes set with glowing emerald gemstones, symbolizing wisdom, protection, and supreme power.",
"secondary": "Golden jars, papyrus scrolls, gemstone offerings, decorative incense holders emitting thin smoke trails, sacred ceremonial artifacts, and royal insignias placed symmetrically around the throne platform."
},

"background": {
"setting": "A grand Egyptian throne room at night, glowing with warm torchlight and golden illumination.",
"details": "Towering sandstone walls fully carved with hieroglyphics and royal chronicles, monumental lotus and papyrus columns trimmed in gold, statues of Egyptian gods and goddesses standing guard, large braziers casting flickering firelight, patterned gold-and-turquoise stone flooring, and sheer linen curtains gently flowing in the warm desert breeze. Macro-to-micro details are visible throughout, with no blur effect—everything is crisp, sharp, and hyper-detailed."
},

"camera": {
"shot": "Half-body to three-quarter editorial portrait showcasing her throne, flowing white gown with cape, colorful inked eye makeup, crown, and cobra staff.",
"angle": "Eye-level royal perspective emphasizing her dominance, beauty, and divine authority.",
"lens": "85mm portrait lens with ultra-sharp clarity and deep texture definition.",
"lighting": "Cinematic warm golden torchlight combined with subtle shadow sculpting, enhancing gold textures, gemstones, fabric folds, and facial features; no blur effects.",
"quality": "Ultra-sharp, high-contrast, glossy editorial realism with 8K-level detail."
}
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