AI新科技:超聲波精確檢測肺病,肺炎新冠一秒辨別!

Ai




新AI能識別97%肺部疾病,並能區分肺炎與COVID-19

一項突破性的AI模型能夠從超聲波視頻中檢測不同的肺部疾病,準確率高達96.57%,更能辨別異常是由肺炎、COVID-19還是其他疾病引起的。

這個模型是由澳洲查爾斯達爾文大學(CDU)、聯合國際大學和澳大利亞天主教大學(ACU)的研究人員共同開發的,能夠識別不同肺部疾病的特定模式,超越了之前在同一超聲波數據集上測試的AI工具。

“這個模型還利用AI技術向放射科醫生解釋為何做出某些決策,使他們更容易信任和理解結果,”該研究的共同作者、CDU教授Niusha Shafiabady表示。“這個模型幫助醫生快速準確地診斷肺部疾病,支持他們的決策,節省時間,並作為一個有價值的培訓工具。”

團隊結合了兩種AI模型,突顯了這項技術在診斷需求上的適應性。其中一種是卷積神經網絡(CNN),尋找圖像或幀中的模式,專注於人眼在檢查掃描時可能忽略的微小像素變化。另一種是長短期記憶(LSTM)模型,利用這些信息並將其放入更廣泛的上下文中,分析CNN的數據並“忘記”不相關的數據。

這種新型的混合模型TD-CNNLSTM-LungNet能夠出色地檢測異常,然後解釋問題所在。更重要的是,它能夠判斷掃描結果是否顯示肺炎、COVID-19、其他肺部疾病或正常狀況。其高達96.51%的“召回率”意味著AI識別的假陰性非常少,這在治療時間敏感的肺部疾病時至關重要。

使用現有數據集的超聲波視頻,該模型超越了現有的AI診斷工具,後者目前的準確率約為90-92%。

儘管AI診斷工具在診所的應用似乎將成為常態,但對這種新興技術的懷疑和不信任依然存在。雖然我們現在可以互動的AI聊天機器人尚未接受臨床醫學掃描或測試的訓練,但各種專用模型正在被開發,以成為可靠的醫療工具。

例如,就在一年前,美國食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)批准了DermaSensor裝置的使用,這是第一款能夠檢測約200種不同類型皮膚癌的智能手機AI設備。雖然這些工具並不打算取代醫療專業人士,但它們有望成為醫學中最有益和最經濟的技術。

這個新的肺部疾病AI模型讓我們看到了未來的希望,它能夠正確識別出例如COVID-19和肺炎之間的細微差異。研究人員指出,這兩種情況在人眼看來相似,但具有獨特的模式,使AI模型能夠辨別出來。然後,它會針對每個掃描生成報告,解釋其結論的原因。

“該模型的可解釋性旨在提高這種方法的可靠性,”Shafiabady說。“系統通過熱圖等視覺效果向醫生展示其做出某些決策的原因。這種解釋技術將幫助放射科醫生定位重點區域,並大大改善臨床透明度。”

在2024年,谷歌在醫療診斷和AI領域取得了巨大進展。同樣,這項技術也在醫療保健中被開發,協助從手術到藥物發現等各個方面。它已顯示出在檢測腦腫瘤和其他癌症方面的潛力。

Shafiabady指出,只要模型在正確的數據上進行訓練,就有潛力進一步提升其肺部疾病診斷能力,檢測結核病、黑肺病、哮喘、癌症、慢性肺病和肺纖維化的跡象。研究人員還希望將該模型適應到能夠準確評估超聲波以外的影像,例如CT掃描和X射線。

這項研究發表在《計算機科學前沿》期刊上。

從這篇文章中,我們可以看到AI在醫療領域的潛力正持續增長,特別是在肺部疾病的診斷方面。這不僅是技術的進步,也是對醫療工作者的一種支持。通過提供清晰的解釋和提高診斷的準確性,AI能夠協助醫生在繁忙的臨床環境中做出更快的決策,從而改善患者的治療效果。然而,對於AI的信任和理解依然是推廣這項技術的一大挑戰,醫療界需要不斷教育和培訓,以確保醫生和患者對這些新工具的信心。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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