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AI助力揭開二戰臭名昭著納粹大屠殺照片中槍手的身份之謎

二戰期間一張著名的納粹大屠殺照片——被稱為「文尼察最後一名猶太人」的影像中,一名持槍的納粹槍手長期以來身份不明。德國歷史學家尤爾根·馬特豪斯(Jürgen Matthäus)經過多年的研究,結合人工智能輔助的照片分析及一名遠房親戚提供的檔案圖片,終於確定了這名槍手的身份——他是前教師、納粹死亡行動組織「Einsatzgruppen C」成員雅各布斯·奧嫩(Jakobus Onnen),在貝爾迪齊夫城堡的大屠殺現場留下了這張著名照片。

這張照片描繪納粹官員將槍口指向一名跪在大屠殺坑邊的男子頭部,其他官員則在一旁觀望,畫面令人震撼且令人毛骨悚然。多年來,照片中人物的身份一直成謎,僅憑制服可知他們屬於納粹的流動死亡小隊「Einsatzgruppen」,而「最後一名猶太人」這個稱號則是因為照片背面有標題,或是推測與該組織在蘇聯烏克蘭地區多次屠殺行動相關。

馬特豪斯的研究第一步並非辨認人物,而是確定照片拍攝的時間、地點及涉及的部隊。他通過分析照片背景,對比19世紀地圖、當代照片及Google Earth的衛星圖像,發現照片並非在文尼察拍攝,而是在距基輔約150公里的貝爾迪齊夫城堡。隨後他確認該部隊為Einsatzgruppe C,指揮官為奧托·拉施(Otto Rasch),並將屠殺日期鎖定於1941年7月28日。

去年,馬特豪斯將這些發現公開後,一位讀者表示根據家族當時的通信,槍手可能是他妻子的叔叔雅各布斯·奧嫩。雖然奧嫩家族在1990年代銷毀了他在東線前線寫的信件,但仍保留有他的照片,並提供給馬特豪斯。為了加強辨認的確定性,馬特豪斯還與調查組織Bellingcat合作,利用人工智能對照片進行比對,結果顯示高度匹配。

馬特豪斯強調,人工智能分析只是多種工具之一,最終仍需依靠人類的判斷。結合大量間接證據,他終於有信心公開這一結論:奧嫩就是照片中持槍者。

至於奧嫩為何會擺出這種姿勢拍照,動機仍難以確定。馬特豪斯推測,這或許是為了炫耀,想在家鄉普通人中留下印象。這並非僅是「服從命令」,也不是為了升遷,因為參與殺戮並不會在這些殺人單位中獲得獎勵。事實上,戰後許多普通人竭力抹去對大屠殺的認知,推崇「清白的國防軍」形象,甚至在1990年代焚燒所有奧嫩的信件,試圖抹去黑暗過去。

然而,這張照片從未消失,現在隨著研究逐步深入,它背後的故事也逐漸清晰。

評論與啟示

這項研究不僅是歷史學界對二戰納粹暴行的深入挖掘,更展示了當代科技如何助力歷史真相的還原。人工智能在辨認歷史照片人物上的應用,為破解長期未解的謎團提供了嶄新工具,然而,正如馬特豪斯所言,技術只是輔助,真正的關鍵仍在於人類的深入研究和判斷。

照片中槍手的身份確認,讓我們再次正視歷史的殘酷與人性的複雜。奧嫩作為一名教師,卻成為冷血殺手,並在鏡頭前擺出姿態,反映出納粹暴行背後的「邪惡平庸」——普通人因盲目服從和思想麻痺而成為恐怖的幫兇。這提醒我們,歷史不僅是過去的記錄,更是對現代社會的警示,防止類似悲劇重演。

此外,戰後的「清白國防軍」神話和對納粹暴行的集體遺忘,是歷史正義的重大挑戰。這張照片的故事重現,促使我們反思社會如何面對過去的黑暗,強調了歷史教育和記憶保存的重要性,只有正視真相,才能防止歷史被篡改或遺忘。

最後,這個案例也凸顯了跨學科合作的價值——歷史學家、技術專家、家族後代和調查組織共同努力,方能揭開真相。未來,隨著技術發展,我們有望對更多歷史謎團進行深入探索,讓真相得以昭彰,為受害者伸張正義。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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A close-up of a young man (as in the uploaded image) Dominates the right side of the frame, viewed from a low-angle perspective, giving him a powerful and imposing presence. He is wearing a simple white tank top (muscle shirt) and tan or light-yellow cargo shorts. He is holding a wooden baseball bat slung over his right shoulder. His expression is serious and determined.

JustinE the Rottweiler: Located on the left, chained to man. JustinE is in an aggressive stance, mouth wide open in a fierce snarl or bark, showing his teeth and tongue, with saliva visible. He is wearing a thick, heavy silver chain leash and collar, with a small circular dog tag visible that says "JustinE". The dog is large and muscular, facing the viewer.

Leash: A heavy-gauge silver metal chain connects JustinE's collar to man's hand.

Lighting: Strong, harsh daylight typical of Southern California, creating deep shadows and high contrast, enhancing the dramatic feel.

Background/Setting: A Southern San Andreas (Los Santos) street setting. The background is slightly blurred but suggests a hot, dry, urban environment with power lines/telegraph wires and a glimpse of an older vehicle (possibly a green van) in the lower-left corner. The sky is a bright, clear, light yellow-green color, indicative of a hot day.

hard shadows, and a distinct color palette typical of GTA loading screens and cover.

Highly detailed and rendered. Vibrant, cinematic. Prompt (Enhanced, Artistic & Detailed):

A young Asian female inspired by "Imada Mio's" delicate doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉), featuring extraordinarily large, round, and soulful eyes with subtle brown irises, framed by long fluttering lashes. Her face is petite and exquisitely shaped with a defined V-line jaw, soft rosy cheeks flushed with youthful vitality, and plush, natural lips softly parted in a gentle, innocent yet slightly flirtatious expression. Her complexion is luminous and porcelain-smooth.

Her hair is long, dark chocolate brown, and styled in an artfully messy “just woke up” look (剛睡醒的凌亂感), with tousled waves and a touch of natural volume that frames her face and cascades down her shoulders, effortlessly blending wildness and charm.

She wears an oversized, semi-sheer white button-down shirt in a borrowed-from-the-boyfriend style (男友風白襯衫); the shirt slips loosely off her slim shoulders, unbuttoned at the top to reveal graceful collarbones and a hint of décolleté. The hem of the shirt falls mid-thigh, creating a tasteful "bottomless" look (下衣失蹤風格), her bare legs just visible beneath the diaphanous fabric, enhancing a pure yet subtly sexy visual impact.

The image is rendered with a high-key, natural daylight aesthetic reminiscent of Japanese gravure photobooks (寫真集風格): bright, airy lighting softly illuminates her features, casting gentle highlights and diffuse shadows for a dreamy, ethereal effect. Skin is rendered creamy and velvety with impeccable smoothness. The color palette echoes Fujifilm PRO 400H—soft, milky tones with delicate pastels, gentle greens, natural skin, and a nostalgic film grain that adds warmth and authenticity, evoking an elegant, fresh, and intimate atmosphere.

She is posed naturally, perhaps seated on light bed linens or by a sunlit window, exuding a blend of youthful innocence, pure allure, and quiet confidence. Hyper-detailed, cinematic composition, fine-tuned for photorealism yet with a subtle artistic charm. Enhanced AI Image Generation Prompt:

Create a cinematic, studio-quality close-up portrait (9:16 aspect ratio, 4K resolution) of a young East Asian woman on a winter afternoon in Taipei. She stands at the entrance plaza of a bustling shopping mall, bathed in the soft, golden glow of the warm winter sun. She wears a stylish white cocktail dress with a short skirt, her look elegant yet youthful.

Her pose is playful and animated: she raises both hands joyfully above her head, holding a handmade cardboard sign. Written in bold strokes of black marker, the sign reads: "TODAY IS MY BIRTHDAY." Her facial expression is a beautiful blend of joy and gentle shyness—her sparkling eyes and slight blush convey excitement and a touch of bashfulness.

The background subtly hints at the urban Taipei atmosphere, with softly blurred neon signs, modern architecture, and passersby dressed for the season, adding depth and authenticity. Capture delicate details: sunlight warming her skin, the gentle flow of her hair, and the texture of the handwritten sign. The overall mood is warm, festive, and inviting—a true cinematic moment infused with personality and charm.

(四個字是:生日快樂。)