特朗普FDA裁員千人後 擬用AI加快新藥審批速度

Ai




特朗普任內大幅裁員後,FDA欲利用人工智能加快新藥審批流程

人工智能(AI)正逐步滲透美國聯邦政府的各個部門,包括食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)。根據最近發表的一篇論文,FDA高層現正計劃利用自動化技術,更「高效」地批准新藥上市。

FDA下屬負責疫苗的子機構主管Dr. Vinay Prasad,在《美國醫學會雜誌》(JAMA)發表文章,闡述了該機構改革的願景,目的是提升FDA這個監管食品及藥品的機構的「效率」。文章指出,提升效率的主要方法之一就是用AI來替代人類過往負責的部分工作,特別是加快新藥審批流程。

文章寫道:「生成式人工智能的出現,為現代化FDA並徹底提升審查流程效率帶來多重承諾。」同時提到FDA已經啟動一個試點計劃,利用AI輔助科學審查。此外,文章亦強調需要重新審視機構內部那些拖慢決策、卻未能提升安全性的傳統程序。

該研究還聲稱,FDA正嘗試利用技術減少「動物實驗的殘酷」,藉著基於AI的計算模型來預測毒性,並結合晶片技術,制定減少動物測試的路線圖。

這些動作發生於FDA大規模裁減數千名員工之後,當中包括負責食品安全審查的員工。現時,這種用AI取代人手的做法,成為許多機構整合新技術時的典型策略。

文章還建議,FDA應利用「大數據」來更有效地評估新藥的研發和審查過程。過去,隨機臨床試驗是判斷產品安全及有效性的唯一標準,但隨著因果推論技術的進步,非隨機數據(如目標試驗)有望在降低成本的同時,產生可操作的因果結論。

目前,AI已在政府其他部門廣泛部署,配合行政當局推行的「效率提升」指令,尋求利用新技術簡化官僚程序。雖然AI理論上可加快部分流程,但從其他部門的自動化推行經驗來看,對於負責監管進入人體的新藥的FDA來說,這種改革仍令人存疑。

新藥審批過程本質上總涉及「白老鼠」——受試者,而今後AI的介入,將成為評估臨床試驗成效的新變數。

評論與分析:

FDA作為保障公眾健康的關鍵監管機構,推動AI技術應用以提升審批效率,表面看似順應科技趨勢,實則暗藏風險。首先,FDA在過去一年大幅裁員,尤其是刪減了許多負責食品和藥品安全審查的專業人員,這種「以人減代AI」的策略是否能維持審批質素,值得懷疑。AI雖然能快速處理龐大數據,但在關乎人體安全的藥物評估中,判斷力和倫理考量仍需依賴專業人士的經驗和洞察。

其次,AI在藥物審批中扮演的角色,若過度依賴算法模型,可能忽略臨床試驗中無法量化的細節與突發狀況,這對患者安全構成潛在威脅。加上目前AI技術尚未成熟到能完全取代人類專家的判斷,FDA的「效率提升」若以犧牲審批嚴謹性為代價,恐怕會引發公眾對藥品安全的信任危機。

另外,文章提到利用AI減少動物實驗,這是科技進步中值得肯定的一環,既能減輕動物痛苦,也可能加速毒性篩查過程,但同時也應謹慎評估AI模型的預測準確度,以免產生誤判。

綜合來看,FDA推動AI輔助審批,是一場科技與政策、效率與安全的拉鋸戰。香港及全球讀者應關注此趨勢,因為藥品安全不僅關乎美國,更是全球公共衛生的共同課題。如何在人工智能浪潮中,保持監管的嚴謹與透明,是未來FDA乃至全球藥管機構必須面對的挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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