【貿戰風雲】美國加徵關稅 洛杉磯港碼頭工人閒置半數

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洛杉磯港口貨運量下降,工人工作機會減少

洛杉磯港的碼頭工人正面臨工作機會短缺的情況,原因是進入加州的貨運量下降,而中國對美國的出口持續下滑。洛杉磯港執行董事Gene Seroka在接受《洛杉磯時報》採訪時表示,近半數支持港口運營的長碼頭工人在過去兩周內沒有工作。

在過去的25個工作班次中,每天僅有733個工作機會供1,575名尋找工作的長碼頭工人競爭。貨運量的下降源於特朗普總統在4月對美國貿易夥伴徵收的關稅,尤其是對中國商品的關稅一度高達145%。隨著這些關稅的實施,美國公司開始取消進口訂單,而從亞洲到美國西海岸的跨太平洋航線的海運公司也開始取消航班。

5月份,17艘貨船取消了前往洛杉磯的計劃航行,需求的下降尤為明顯。儘管中國只是數十個被徵收出口關稅的國家之一,但由於中國對美國出口產品的數量龐大,使其在貿易航線和洛杉磯港口中扮演了更為重要的角色。Seroka在4月表示,經由該港口的進口貨物中約40%來自中國。

5月,中國對美國的出口下降至288億美元,達到五年來的最大跌幅,僅次於2020年2月疫情顛覆全球貿易時的54%的崩跌。洛杉磯港的5月貨運量下降反映了這一出口下滑的趨勢。根據Seroka的說法,該港口處理的貨物比預測少了25%。

貨運量減少導致工作機會減少。733個“工作訂單”與通常日班時1,700到2,000個工作訂單的範圍相比,顯得少了許多。夜班通常會有1,100到1,400個工作機會。

在洛杉磯港,碼頭操作員每天三次在數碼板上公佈可用的工作機會,稱為工作訂單。碼頭工人可以在每個班次查看工作訂單並競標他們想要的工作。如果長碼頭工人數量超過工作訂單,一部分人將無法獲得工資。

“他們沒有被解僱,但工作量遠不如以前,”Seroka告訴《時報》。“自從關稅生效以來,特別是在5月份,我們確實看到工作量顯著下降。”

貨物減少的擔憂在整個供應鏈受到港口吞吐量影響的行業中顯而易見,包括負責將貨物運送到倉庫的卡車運輸和鐵路。零售企業,特別是可能無法提前將商品運入美國的小型企業,也對影響感到擔憂。

然而,5月初中國關稅的90天回撤導致了一波快速的商品進口潮,以趕在新的8月14日談判截止日期之前,這最終可能導致洛杉磯港及其姐妹港長灘港的集裝箱激增。

Hapag-Lloyd表示,在貿易休戰生效的三周內,中國的訂單數量翻了一番多,這顯示出變化有多麼劇烈。這種過度訂購,加上跨太平洋海運運力的增加,預示著美國港口可能再次面臨貨運處理的升級。

這將有利於碼頭工人,並在第一批後關稅休戰的集裝箱船開始抵達美國後,增加港口的工作訂單。

儘管分析師預測,由於亞洲到北美運力的增加,聖佩德羅灣港口可能在6月和7月創下交通記錄,但Seroka對洛杉磯可能受到的影響持更為保守的觀點。

“我們目前預測的6月數字遠不如傳統上應該有的水平,”Seroka表示。

編者評論

從這篇報導中可以看出,全球貿易政策的變動對地方經濟和勞動市場的影響是多麼迅速和深遠。洛杉磯港作為美國與亞洲,特別是中國之間的重要貿易樞紐,其貨運量的波動直接影響到數以千計的工人的生計。這也提醒我們,全球化背景下,任何政策變動都可能引發連鎖效應,影響到供應鏈的各個環節。

然而,這種波動也為市場提供了調整和適應的契機。隨著中國關稅的暫時回撤,貨運需求的激增可能會帶來短期內的經濟繁榮,但從長遠來看,企業和工人都需要尋求更具韌性和可持續性的策略來應對未來的不確定性。這也許是時候重新思考如何在全球化的經濟中建立更加穩定和可持續的貿易和勞動模式。

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{
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    "subject_details": {
      "action": "Walking toward camera, smoking",
      "clothing": "White long-sleeve shirt (rolled sleeves), dress pants, shoes",
      "facial_features": "Sharp focus, skin texture, firelight reflection in eyes"
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    "environment_details": {
      "location": "Airport runway at night",
      "background": "Commercial airplane burning, intense fire, thick black smoke, out of focus",
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} Ultra-realistic high-fashion studio portrait of a woman [image uploaded], vertical composition, framed from mid-chest to top of head. Camera at eye level, straight-on angle with a very slight head tilt to the subject’s left. Posture & pose: upright posture, shoulders relaxed. Left shoulder slightly forward, creating a gentle diagonal line across the collarbones. Arms relaxed out of frame, fur wrap resting naturally over the shoulders. Expression: calm, elegant, and composed. Soft neutral gaze directly into the camera, slightly parted lips with a subtle natural gloss. No smile, refined and confident mood. Face & skin: smooth fair skin with realistic texture and pores, soft luminous finish (not plastic or airbrushed). Rosy blush concentrated on the apples of the cheeks. Natural highlight on nose bridge, cheekbones, and collarbones. Eyes & makeup: large almond-shaped eyes, cool gray-brown irises. Long curled lashes, soft eyeliner, muted rose eyeshadow blended outward. Straight natural brows with gentle arch. Hair: short black bob cut just above the shoulders, slightly wavy ends. Center part with soft wispy strands framing the face. Large black satin bow tied at the back of the head, visible above the crown. Accessories: silver floral drop earrings with dangling details. Matching silver statement necklace with a central floral pendant resting at the upper chest. Clothing & styling: beige satin slip dress with thin spaghetti straps, smooth fabric with subtle sheen. Black faux-fur stole draped loosely around both shoulders, adding contrast and texture. Background: clean seamless light gray to off-white studio backdrop, evenly lit with no visible texture or distractions. Lighting: soft diffused beauty lighting from the front and slightly above eye level. Gentle fill light to reduce shadows, subtle rim light outlining hair and shoulders. Balanced highlights without overexposure. Color palette: neutral beige, black, silver, soft pink skin tones, minimal and elegant. Camera & settings: full-frame DSLR or mirrorless, 85mm lens, f/2–f/2.8, ISO 100, high sharpness on eyes, shallow depth of field. Image quality: ultra-high resolution, professional fashion photography, crisp details, natural skin realism. Strictly photorealistic human portrait — no illustration, no anime, no CGI, no digital painting, no doll-like skin. Create a hyper-realistic cinematic scene inside a traditional Wing Chun training hall. The man from the uploaded reference image is training at a wooden dummy with Ip Man standing beside him, personally correcting his technique. Keep both faces accurate to the reference image: exact skin tone, hairstyle, age, expression, and natural sweat on their skin.
Both wear classic black Wing Chun uniforms with white cuffs. Show Ip Man’s calm, focused guidance as he places his hands near the student’s arms on the wooden dummy. Capture the wooden dummy with polished texture and rich warm tones.
Include authentic Chinese decor: calligraphy scrolls, carved wooden frames, soft lantern light, and other students blurred in the background. Use shallow depth of field, warm natural lighting from the windows, and crisp detail on clothing and skin. The scene should feel like a still frame from an Ip Man movie, grounded, disciplined, and cinematic.