【貿戰風雲】加拿大西裝品牌遭特朗普中美關稅重創經營危機




加拿大西裝製造商如何被特朗普的中國關稅重創

對於位於密西沙加的男裝零售商 Spier & Mackay 的美國顧客來說,本月的價格可謂是經歷了一次大起大落的旅程。一套標準的海軍藍西裝從稅前約 498 美元飆升至 1,345 美元,現在又下降到 772 美元,這一切都不在公司的控制範圍之內。

這是因為這套西裝——由百分百羊毛製成,且最重要的是在中國製造的——因特朗普政府與北京的貿易戰而受到影響,導致懲罰性的關稅率和取消對低於 800 美元的中國商品的免稅待遇。

儘管 Spier & Mackay 的所有產品都是從密西沙加運送的,但本月其中國製造的服裝,包括西裝、針織衫和免燙襯衫,仍需面對高達 170% 的美國關稅。其他在中國生產並銷售給美國人的加拿大公司也同樣受到衝擊。

美國和中國最近為了進一步的貿易談判而相互縮減了關稅,這是一個為期三個月的緩衝期。儘管有所改善,Spier & Mackay 仍然不得不向其美國顧客收取 55% 的關稅,這對其增長計劃來說是一個巨大的阻力。

「這對我們來說是相當耗費精力的,因為我們只想知道發生了什麼,」公司創始人兼共同擁有者 Rick Khanna 說。「讓我們看看 90 天後談判是否朝著正確的方向發展,」他補充道。「但我們可能正在適應一個新的現實。」

Spier & Mackay 本月慶祝了成立 15 週年,並以合理價格提供高品質西裝而享有聲譽。該公司經常受到知名影響者 Menswear Guy 的推廣。(2023 年,他在 X 上表示 Spier & Mackay 是「我所知的最實惠的定制服裝來源。」)

為了促進增長,該公司依賴美國市場,約佔其銷售額的 70%。在貿易戰之前,Spier & Mackay 每天通常向美國發送 300 到 400 個包裹。

但隨著關稅的提高,美國顧客在網上購物車中看到的費用讓他們卻步。

馬薩諸塞州居民 Patrick DiPalo 就是其中之一。當他考慮購買一套晚禮服時,僅關稅費用就接近 850 美元,使得總價格超過 1,350 美元。即使關稅回落,公司提供 20% 的折扣,DiPalo 先生仍然認為購買風險太大。

「如果我試穿後不合身,我會把它退回,」他說。「我只會得到西裝實際價格的退款,而不是關稅部分。」

貿易戰迫使 Khanna 先生加速推進多元化計劃。Spier & Mackay 主要是一個電商品牌,在密西沙加只有一間零售店,他正在大多倫多地區、溫哥華和蒙特利爾尋找新租約。

「即使在我們自己的後院,我們也非常低調,」他說。「我們在加拿大還有很多擴展空間。」

該公司還計劃將印度工廠的生產翻倍,該工廠生產斜紋棉布褲、扣襯衫和其他商品。特朗普政府僅取消了對中國和香港商品低於 800 美元的免稅優惠,這意味著 Spier & Mackay 的印度製服裝仍可免稅進入美國。

Khanna 先生還希望多元化其生產基地——這並非易事。他已經使用同一家中國工廠 12 年。當他測試土耳其、葡萄牙和其他地方的工廠時,它們都難以達到質量標準。

「中國在專業化方面做得非常好,」他說。「中國不再是最便宜的製造商。他們是最有效率的,也是大規模生產方面最好的。」

當美國關稅最近達到最高時,Khanna 先生表示,Spier & Mackay 擁有六個月的財務能力來支付運營成本,然後才需要做出艱難的決定。鑑於關稅的減少以及白宮尋求達成貿易協議的潛力,局勢已經有所緩和。

儘管日常波動不定,Khanna 先生認為公司有望成為更強大的企業。僅僅五年前,COVID-19 導致辦公室關閉和婚禮取消,這對一家銷售西裝的公司來說是噩夢般的情景。在極具挑戰性的一年中,收入增長了 6%。

「當一切都很好時,你會變得懶惰,」他說。「我必須以積極的態度看待這件事。這迫使我們做一些我們一直拖延的事情。」

編者評論:

這篇文章揭示了全球貿易政策如何對個別企業產生深遠影響。Spier & Mackay 的經歷不僅僅是關於一個加拿大公司面對的挑戰,而是反映了全球化背景下,貿易政策對中小企業的影響。特朗普的關稅政策,尤其是對中國商品的高關稅,無疑對 Spier & Mackay 這樣的企業造成了重大打擊,迫使他們重新思考市場戰略和供應鏈管理。

然而,這也展示了企業在面對政策變化時的適應能力和創新精神。儘管面臨巨大的經營壓力,Spier & Mackay 並未止步不前,而是積極尋求多元化的生產和市場擴展機會。這種應對策略不僅能幫助企業渡過難關,也可能為其未來的增長奠定堅實基礎。

這篇報導也提醒我們,全球貿易政策的制定和變化不僅僅影響國家間的經濟關係,更直接影響到無數企業和消費者的日常生活和經營決策。在這樣的背景下,企業需要更加靈活和創新,以應對不斷變化的市場環境。

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