美企搶轉倉庫避中美關稅大戰風險

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美國進口商爭相將倉庫改建為免關稅保稅區

倫敦/紐約消息——由於美國總統特朗普對中國貨品加徵關稅,許多進口商急於將倉庫轉為保稅倉庫,以免在商品出售前即須繳付關稅。

美國現時擁有超過1,700個保稅倉庫,這些設施允許進口貨物在未即時繳納關稅(目前中國貨物關稅高達30%)的情況下存放。企業只有在貨物離開保稅倉庫時才需繳稅,讓資金運用更靈活,尤其在當前貿易政策波動劇烈的情況下更為重要。

從服裝到汽車零件等多種商品,企業紛紛押注特朗普政府對中國加徵關稅只是短期政策,積極將倉庫改建為保稅倉庫。受貿易戰影響,許多保稅倉庫現已爆滿,租金飆升,四名業內消息人士透露,企業紛紛向美國海關申請擴展保稅空間。

猶他州物流公司LVK Logistics的行政總裁Maggie Barnett表示,公司正著手將其中一個倉庫轉為保稅倉庫,預計需時三至四個月完成。顧問公司S&P Global Market Intelligence供應鏈研究主管Chris Rogers指出,「任何地方基本上都可以申請保稅,但涉及資金及時間。如果是大型企業,且預期關稅長期居高不下,便會將現有倉庫改建為保稅倉庫。」

物流研究公司WarehouseQuote解決方案副總裁Chris Huwaldt則透露,現時申請保稅倉庫的審批積壓嚴重,有時超過六個月,去年僅需數月。他又指出,認證保稅倉庫的費用因州份、公司財務狀況及海關所需額外保安措施而異,可能由數千美元至十萬美元不等。

特朗普政府反覆無常的關稅政策——最高曾在今年4月達145%,後又調低——令保稅倉庫的靈活性備受企業青睞。運輸顧問Cindy Allen表示,「不少從中國進口的企業,包括美國進口商,都利用保稅倉庫改善現金流。雖然關稅最終仍需支付,但企業可以隨着貨物銷售分批繳納,減輕財務壓力。」

美國海關表示,近來對保稅倉庫的興趣顯著增加,以配合新法規及行政命令。白宮暫未回應相關查詢。

保稅倉庫需求激增,租金飆升四倍

根據WarehouseQuote數據,2024年初保稅倉庫租金約為普通倉庫的兩倍,但2025年初已飆升至四倍。Allen形容這種搶租保稅倉庫的現象「前所未有」。

特朗普首任期時,許多企業選擇接受加徵關稅,但這導致長期成本上升,且被迫尋找中國以外的供應鏈。Allen指出,「進口商不想重蹈覆轍」。

不過,設立新的保稅倉庫也存在風險,因為美國可能在90天關稅緩解期結束後恢復高關稅。佛羅里達州倉儲公司CargoNest聯合創辦人Vladimir Durshpek表示,他正考慮增設第三個保稅倉庫,但不想貿然擴張,以免政策突變帶來風險。

加州Fremont的DCL Logistics營收主管Brian Tu表示,公司尚未決定是否擴充保稅倉庫,因為需求能否持續仍不明朗。WarehouseQuote市場營銷主管Jacob Roseburrough補充:「等到倉庫申請保稅資格時,附加關稅可能已取消,保稅倉庫需求或會消失。」

評論與分析:

這篇報導揭示了美中貿易戰下,企業如何靈活應對政策變動,通過保稅倉庫來緩解資金壓力及營運風險。保稅倉庫作為一種「緩衝區」,讓進口商可以延遲支付關稅,靈活調整銷售策略,反映出企業對不確定政策環境的適應能力。

然而,這種策略雖然短期內有利於現金流管理,但並非長遠解決方案。關稅政策若再度升級,企業仍需面對成本壓力;而倉庫租金飆升,更加劇了經營成本。這種「賭未來政策會放寬」的做法,顯示出企業對美國貿易政策的高度不確定性和焦慮。

此外,保稅倉庫需求激增,也反映出美國供應鏈對中國依賴的深度,短時間內難以大幅轉移。這對政策制定者而言,是一個警示:貿易戰雖能作為談判籌碼,但對企業營運和市場成本的副作用不容忽視。

未來,企業或需更積極多元化供應鏈,並尋求貿易政策的穩定性,才能真正降低風險。從政策角度看,美國若能提供更清晰、穩定的貿易環境,將有助於企業降低不確定性,促進經濟健康發展。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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