剝削禁令將解封?中企促剛果放行鈷出口!

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中國CMOC集團促剛果解除鈷金屬出口禁令

約翰內斯堡/倫敦消息——全球最大鈷礦公司中國CMOC集團上週呼籲剛果民主共和國解除目前將於下月到期的鈷金屬出口禁令,三名消息人士向路透透露。

作為全球最大鈷生產國,剛果於今年二月實施為期四個月的出口禁令,旨在抑制鈷供過於求的情況,當時鈷價跌至每磅約10美元(約每公噸22,000美元)的九年低位。

消息人士表示,CMOC副總裁Kenny Ives在新加坡一場行業會議的閉門會議上向與會者表示,剛果應解除對這種電動車電池重要原料的出口限制。

據悉,剛果礦業部長Kizito Pakabomba亦有出席該會議,並聽取了Ives的發言。

剛果政府一直未明確表態該禁令於6月22日到期後的安排。消息人士早前透露,政府可能延長禁令,或考慮未來實施出口配額制度。

Ives指出,中國的鈷庫存即將耗盡,剛果應允許礦商自由出口鈷金屬。他認為,剛果限制鈷出口可能促使汽車製造商加快轉向不需鈷的磷酸鐵鋰(LFP)電池。

目前,包括中國電動車製造商比亞迪(BYD)在內的一些企業已採用LFP電池,該電池技術同時也被用於大型能源儲存項目。

兩名消息人士稱,剛果官員在會議上將Ives提及LFP電池視為一種威脅,擔心中國藉此壓低鈷價以累積戰略庫存。

剛果官員,包括Pakabomba,未有回應電郵及電話查詢。

CMOC發言人Vincent Zhou拒絕就Ives言論及剛果囤積鈷金屬的疑慮作出回應,但表示公司支持「健康的市場環境」。

根據倫敦證券交易所集團數據,中國電動車電池製造商寧德時代(CATL)是CMOC最大股東之一,持有30%股份。

CMOC預計今年鈷產量將介乎10萬至12萬公噸,與去年11.4萬噸相若,較2023年5.6萬噸翻倍,主要因其在剛果的Tenke Fungurume及Kisanfu銅鈷礦加快生產。

嘉能可支持出口限制措施

同場於新加坡的會議中,另一大鈷礦商嘉能可(Glencore)的交易員表示,市場需穩定鈷價後方可解除出口禁令,剛果及印尼等生產國應管理供應過剩,三名消息人士透露。

嘉能可拒絕置評。

據悉,嘉能可交易員表示若剛果政府實施出口配額制度,公司願意接受。

上海金屬市場總經理王詩麗在新加坡會議指出,中國冶煉廠已累積足夠庫存,能維持兩週至六個月的供應。

消息人士稱,剛果目前正評估出口禁令的影響,並考慮礦業公司及市場其他參與者的建議,禁令導致政府稅收流失是其負面影響之一。

Benchmark Mineral Intelligence最近報告指出,「最可能的情況是禁令延長後引入出口配額,或直接於六月底轉為配額制度,兩者均有望支撐鈷價。」

編輯評論與深入分析

CMOC集團公開呼籲剛果解除鈷出口禁令,反映了中國作為全球最大鈷消費國的急切需求。鈷是電動車電池中不可或缺的原料,但其供應受制於少數國家,尤其是剛果的政策變動,令市場充滿不確定性。CMOC擔憂禁令會推動車企轉向成本較低、無鈷的磷酸鐵鋰電池,這不僅威脅鈷礦的長遠需求,也間接影響中國在電池材料供應鏈的主導地位。

另一方面,嘉能可支持出口限制,顯示礦業巨頭在價格穩定與供應管理上存在分歧。剛果政府面對稅收減少與市場控制的雙重壓力,未來或採取更細緻的出口配額制度,以在維持收入和市場穩定間取得平衡。

從更廣泛層面看,這場關於鈷出口的博弈是全球新能源產業鏈供應安全的縮影。隨著電動車需求暴增,如何平衡資源國利益、礦業公司盈利及下游電池製造商的原料供應,成為業界和政策制定者必須解決的核心問題。

值得注意的是,中國冶煉廠的庫存情況及其策略,可能成為未來鈷價走勢的關鍵變數。若中國加大囤積力度,市場供應緊張或將進一步加劇,推高價格;反之,若出口禁令解除並配合合理配額,則有望實現供需平衡,促進市場健康發展。

總結來說,剛果的鈷出口政策不僅影響全球電池供應鏈,也攸關新能源轉型的節奏。各方利益錯綜複雜,未來市場動向值得持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。