Capital One收購Discover後評級獲穩定確認




穆迪確認Capital One評級並提升Discover評級 收購後展望穩定

穆迪評級公司確認了Capital One Financial Corporation(紐約證券交易所代號:COF)及Capital One, N.A.的信用評級,包括Capital One的高級無擔保債務評級為Baa1,此舉是繼2025年5月18日完成收購Discover Financial Services(紐約證券交易所代號:DFS)後的最新評級決定。隨著收購完成,Discover的長期評級由Baa2提升至Baa1。

作為收購的一部分,Discover已併入Capital One,而Discover Bank亦合併至Capital One, N.A.,兩個Discover實體正式解散。今日的評級行動標誌著自2024年2月20日開始對Capital One及Discover的評級審查正式結束。

穆迪將撤銷Discover及Discover Bank的所有評級,惟仍有部分債務或優先股工具未償還,相關評級將繼續保留。Capital One及Capital One, N.A.的高級無擔保債務及長期存款評級展望保持穩定,收購後承接自Discover及Discover Bank的相關工具評級亦為穩定。

Capital One評級得到確認,反映合併後公司資本結構及盈利能力有所改善。此次收購使Capital One成為美國第八大銀行(以總資產計)及美國最大的信用卡發卡機構(以信用卡應收賬款計)。公司估算,通過收購帶來的財務協同效應,包括費用削減及將Capital One的借記卡和信用卡交易量與Discover的支付網絡整合,預計每年可實現約27億美元的收益,待全面推行後生效。

然而,收購亦令Capital One的業務更加集中於消費貸款,尤其是信用卡業務。估計合併後信用卡業務將佔公司總收入超過75%,並佔貸款組合約60%。不過,這風險被更高的資本充足率和盈利能力所抵銷,且Discover主打優質信用卡組合,有助減低Capital One對次級貸款的依賴。

Capital One管理層在2024年2月宣布交易時,預計合併後的普通股權一級資本比率(CET1)約為13.9%。截至2025年第一季度末,Capital One及Discover的CET1比率分別為13.6%及14.7%。

此次收購將使Capital One的資產規模在未來數年內超越7000億美元,成為聯邦儲備銀行分級框架下的Category II銀行。穆迪對其展望穩定,預期Capital One將維持良好的資本充足率、盈利能力以及強健的流動性和資金狀況。

穆迪指出,若Capital One能保持有形普通股權(TCE)與風險加權資產比率超過13%,並持續盈利,同時維持強勁的資金及流動性緩衝及穩定的資產質素,評級有望提升。相反,若資產質素明顯惡化、TCE比率跌破12%,或資金及流動性狀況顯著變差,評級可能被下調。

評論與深入分析

這宗Capital One收購Discover的交易,不單純是規模擴張,更是對美國信用卡市場格局的重大調整。以資產計,Capital One躍升至美國第八大銀行,且成為最大信用卡發卡機構,顯示其在消費金融領域的雄心和實力。穆迪對評級的確認及Discover評級的提升,反映出市場對合併後公司資本和盈利能力的信心。

然而,值得注意的是,合併加劇了Capital One在消費貸款、特別是信用卡業務上的集中度。信用卡業務佔合併後收入的75%以上,貸款組合中達60%,這使公司對經濟波動及消費者信用風險的敏感度提高。雖然Discover以較優質的信用卡組合分散了部分風險,但整體風險集中度仍較高,未來經濟逆風或信用風險上升時,資產質素的波動將成為關鍵監察指標。

另一方面,穆迪對協同效應的估算高達每年27億美元,這既包括成本節省,也涵蓋交易量整合帶來的收入提升。若這些協同能如期落實,將大大提升盈利能力和現金流,為公司提供更強的資本支撐和發展空間。

最後,隨著資產規模逼近7000億美元,Capital One將進入聯儲的更高監管級別,意味著未來合規成本和風控要求將加重,公司必須在擴張與風險管控間取得平衡。穆迪的穩定展望表明其對Capital One管理層能力的肯定,但未來仍需密切關注其資產質素、資本充足及流動性狀況,尤其是在全球經濟不確定性加劇的背景下。

總括而言,這次收購為Capital One帶來規模和市場地位的顯著提升,並有望透過協同效應強化盈利,但亦伴隨風險集中及監管壓力。投資者應密切關注其後續整合進展和資產質素變化,才能更全面評估其長遠價值。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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