FDA限縮批准Novavax疫苗只供高危人士使用




美國FDA批准Novavax新冠疫苗,但限制使用於高齡及高危人士

美國食品藥品監督管理局(FDA)正式批准了Novavax公司的新冠疫苗,但批准範圍僅限於65歲及以上長者,以及年齡介乎12至64歲、且患有至少一種增加新冠重症風險的基礎疾病人士。

這款疫苗與主流的mRNA疫苗不同,是一款較為傳統的蛋白質基疫苗。先前FDA未能如期在4月1日批核此疫苗,加上美國衛生與公共服務部長羅伯特·F·肯尼迪(Robert F. Kennedy Jr.)在CBS訪談中質疑疫苗效能,令疫苗前景一度蒙上陰影。

Novavax企業事務及倡導主管Silvia Taylor表示,公司在與監管機構經過多次溝通後,於週五深夜收到批准通知。她認為此次有限制的批准範圍並不令人擔憂,因為針對的群體正是通常會主動接種疫苗的人群。

Taylor指出,「現時越來越多共識認為,已不需要普遍推薦所有人接種疫苗,美國在這方面顯得比較特別。」她提到,疾病控制與預防中心(CDC)疫苗諮詢委員會也正考慮收緊年度疫苗接種的目標人群,反映政策可能走向更精準的疫苗接種策略。

Novavax與其他疫苗製造商Moderna及Pfizer一樣,若要調整疫苗針對的新冠病毒株,仍需向FDA申請額外批准。這項調整將於本週的FDA疫苗顧問會議中討論。

此次批准限定Novavax疫苗(商品名Nuvaxovid)只能用於65歲以上人士,以及12至64歲且有至少一種如糖尿病、心臟病等基礎疾病,或因缺乏運動、濫用藥物等行為而有較高感染嚴重風險的人士。根據CDC,相關高風險條件範圍相當廣泛。

Novavax行政總裁John Jacobs表示,此次批准是公司的一個「重要里程碑」,為更多人提供接種疫苗的機會。過去因製造問題及監管障礙,公司錯失了疫情期間的疫苗大幅銷售機會。

前FDA首席科學家Jesse Goodman批評FDA此舉過於保守,限制批准範圍剝奪了部分人選擇接種哪款疫苗的權利。他指出,「FDA的批准程序本應評估疫苗安全性與有效性,允許公眾接種,而非制定疫苗使用政策。」

評論與啟示

Novavax疫苗的批准過程反映出美國乃至全球疫苗政策正在從「全民接種」逐步轉向「精準接種」。這一轉變背後,既有疫情趨緩、群體免疫逐步形成的現實,也反映出公眾對疫苗安全性和效能的要求越來越嚴格。從政策制定角度看,FDA此次的限制性批准或許是希望先保障高風險群體,而非全面推廣,這在某程度上是負責任的審慎態度。

然而,這樣的限制也引發了對個人自主權的討論:當疫苗安全有效且有多款可選,是否應該讓民眾自行選擇?FDA前科學家的批評指出,監管機構不應過度介入使用政策,而應聚焦於科學評估,讓市場和醫生決定接種策略。

此外,Novavax作為傳統蛋白質疫苗,為那些對mRNA疫苗持保留態度的人提供了另一選擇,這在疫苗多元化策略中意義重大。隨著病毒株不斷變異,疫苗廠商需要靈活調整產品,FDA能否加快審批流程,成為後續疫苗競爭與普及的關鍵。

對香港及其他地區而言,這也提醒我們在推動疫苗接種時,除了考慮普及率外,更應重視不同群體的需求與接受程度。未來疫苗政策或將更多依賴科學數據和實際風險評估,而非一刀切的普遍接種建議。這種趨勢值得本地衛生部門借鑒,靈活制定更貼近民情的疫苗接種策略。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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