中美AI晶片大戰:華為挑戰Nvidia霸主地位




中美人工智能晶片戰爭升級

2025年5月16日

美國和中國之間的地緣政治緊張局勢正在推動中國供應商開發自主人工智能晶片(ASIC)的熱潮,根據市場研究機構TrendForce的最新研究。

與此同時,中國的人工智能伺服器市場正在適應2025年4月生效的新美國出口管制,這將使像NVIDIA和AMD等進口晶片的份額從2024年的63%降至2025年的約42%,TrendForce預計。

減少依賴
————

國內中國晶片製造商,如電子巨頭華為,正在將其在人工智能晶片市場的份額提高到約40%,與今年預計進口晶片的份額不相上下。中國政府正在通過促進國內人工智能處理器的政策推動這一增長,TrendForce表示。

開發ASIC的競爭預計將:

* 減少對NVIDIA和AMD的依賴
* 增強中國供應鏈
* 獲得對成本和性能的更大控制權

中國的人工智能晶片開發競爭始於美國商務部工業和安全局(BIS)進一步限制華為人工智能晶片的使用新規。

任何使用這些設備的人都需要獲得許可證,否則將面臨刑事或行政處罰。

誰在開發?
—————-

中國國內需求的主要人工智能晶片開發商包括華為,其半導體與NVIDIA的產品最為接近。該公司在國內互聯網巨頭和DeepSeek的LLM生態系統的支持下,有望挑戰NVIDIA在人工智能伺服器市場的主導地位,憑藉其昇騰人工智能晶片。

國內中國供應商賽靈思正在擴大其思元晶片系列,用於雲端的人工智能訓練和推理。該公司預計將在2025年增加部署。

其他正在開發的ASIC包括:

* 阿里巴巴的瀚光800晶片
* 百度昆侖III
* 騁騰的Enflame ASIC

總的來說,這一趨勢預計將推動全球人工智能伺服器市場走向分裂的生態系統——中國市場和區域外的市場,TrendForce表示。

作為編輯,我認為這篇文章揭示了中美之間在人工智能晶片領域的競爭態勢。中國政府正在積極推動國內晶片製造商開發自主人工智能晶片,以減少對進口晶片的依賴。這種趨勢不僅影響中國市場,也可能對全球人工智能伺服器市場產生深遠影響。

此外,美國政府的出口管制政策進一步加劇了這種競爭態勢。NVIDIA和AMD等美國晶片製造商可能會面臨更大的挑戰,以維持其在中國市場的份額。同時,中國國內晶片製造商,如華為和賽靈思,將有機會進一步擴大其市場份額。

然而,這種競爭態勢也帶來了一些挑戰和風險。中國國內晶片製造商需要克服技術和資金等方面的障礙,才能開發出具有競爭力的自主人工智能晶片。同時,美國政府的出口管制政策可能會引發貿易戰和技術封鎖,進一步加劇全球經濟的不穩定性。

總的來說,這篇文章為我們提供了中美人工智能晶片競爭態勢的深入見解,也提醒我們關注這一趨勢對全球經濟和技術發展的影響。

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