螞蟻集團拋售Paytm 4%股權 引發股價5%急跌




螞蟻金服減持Paytm母公司4%股份 Paytm股價應聲下挫

Paytm股價因螞蟻金服減持而下跌

螞蟻金服(Ant Financial)計劃以折讓價出售Paytm母公司One97 Communications約4%股份

阿里巴巴集團旗下的金融科技分支螞蟻金服,將會出售其在印度著名電子支付平台Paytm母公司One97 Communications約4%股份。這次股份出售將透過大宗交易(block deals)形式進行,預計交易總值介乎2200至2627億盧比,折讓幅度約為6.4%至6.5%。完成後,螞蟻金服在One97的持股將由9.85%降至約5.85%。這宗交易由高盛印度證券及花旗集團全球市場印度負責操作。

此舉緊接著Paytm其他大型股東的撤資潮,包括巴菲特的Berkshire Hathaway及日本軟銀(SoftBank),兩者均在出售股份時錄得虧損。Berkshire Hathaway於2023年11月以平均每股877.29盧比的價格售出2.6%股份,遠低於其買入價1279.7盧比。軟銀則於2024年6月季度退出,估算損失達1.5億美元,當年2017年投資金額為15億美元。

Paytm剛公布2025財年第四季度的合併虧損為54億盧比,較去年同期的55億盧比略為收窄。當中有4.92億盧比屬於員工股票期權(ESOP)加速攤銷的特殊費用。若撇除這些一次性項目,Paytm的季度淨虧損僅剩2.3億盧比,並錄得經營利潤8.1億盧比,展現出經營層面的改善。不過,全年收入仍然按年下跌,反映業務增長壓力依然存在。

螞蟻金服出售股份的買家身份暫時未有披露,螞蟻及Paytm雙方亦未就今次交易發表評論。

Paytm股價急挫,市場信心受考驗

隨著螞蟻金服減持消息傳出,One97 Communications(Paytm母公司)股價即時下跌5%,報823.1盧比(BSE),NSE亦跌4.3%。市場人士認為,連串國際大股東於短期內選擇離場,難免對Paytm的市場信心構成壓力。尤其是出售股份需以折讓價吸引買家,亦反映出現時市場對Paytm前景的審慎態度。

今次大宗交易將涉及最多2550萬股Paytm股份,預計底價定於每股809.7盧比,較前一日收市價866盧比有明顯折讓。這種「快刀斬亂麻」式的賣盤方式,有助賣方迅速套現,亦減低逐步沽貨對股價的持續壓力,但同時亦會令新買家需要承擔較大風險,故折讓成為吸引條件。

大股東折讓減持背後的考量

像螞蟻金服這類大型股東選擇折讓減持,背後原因可以包括:流動性需求、分散投資組合風險、面對監管壓力,或是調整集團策略重心。透過大宗交易方式,一次過將大量股份轉手,既可即時套現,又可避免逐步沽貨對市場造成更大波動。折讓價格則是吸引潛在買家承擔大額持股風險的「補償」。

Paytm的特殊項目與財務健康

Paytm雖然在經營層面錄得利潤,但在會計上仍因特殊項目(如員工股票期權攤銷)而錄得虧損。這反映出科技公司在成長階段,會以大量股權激勵留才,這些費用短期內會拖累帳面盈虧表現。投資者在評估時,需細看扣除這類一次性費用後的「實際經營能力」,而非單看最終損益數字。

編輯評論:Paytm與中國資本的「分手」——印度新經濟的轉捩點?

螞蟻金服、Berkshire Hathaway、軟銀等國際巨頭連環減持Paytm,表面上是投資回報不如預期,但更深層次的原因,值得香港及亞洲科技金融圈警惕。

首先,印度金融科技市場近年急速發展,Paytm作為龍頭平台,卻未能持續贏利,反映「燒錢換市場」的增長模式,在資本市場轉趨審慎下已難以為繼。其次,印度政府對中國資本的審查日益嚴格,螞蟻金服等中資企業被迫減持,背後是地緣政治與本地化競爭加劇的現實。這種現象或會在其他新興市場重演——不論你是中國、歐美抑或日本資本,投資新興市場時,政治風險與監管變數已與商業回報同等重要。

另外,Paytm的經營數據顯示,撇除ESOP等一次性開支後,公司實際已達到經營盈利,這對於科技股來說是一個正面訊號,但仍未足以扭轉資本大戶的信心流失。這反映出全球資本市場對「盈利能力」的要求正不斷提高,單靠市佔率或用戶增長已無法說服長線投資者。

最後,今次螞蟻金服減持的折讓幅度,亦揭示了大股東在資本市場「撤退」時的現實抉擇:即使要承受短期損失,也要換取流動性和降低風險。這種策略思維,值得本地及區內初創企業和投資人深思——過度依賴單一大股東或外資,當宏觀環境變差時,反而會成為最大風險。

未來Paytm能否靠自身經營實力重拾市場信心?印度本地資本是否會乘勢吸納,推動本土數碼經濟自主?這些問題,將成為亞洲新經濟發展的關鍵觀察點。

Paytm與監管風波

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