共和黨擬十年全面禁AI規管風波

Ai




共和黨嘗試將禁止人工智能監管納入預算調節法案

上星期日深夜,眾議院共和黨人在預算調節法案中加入新條文,意圖在未來十年內全面禁止各州對人工智能(AI)進行任何監管。此舉不但會削減數百萬美國人享用醫療補助計劃(Medicaid)的權利,令他們在求醫時需繳付更高費用,更會阻止各州制定保護民眾免受人工智能系統潛在風險的法律。

法案中明確指出:「……任何州或其政治分支機構,均不得在本法案生效日起十年內,執行任何針對人工智能模型、人工智能系統或自動決策系統的法律或規管。」該條文由肯塔基州議員、眾議院能源與商務委員會主席布雷特·古斯里(Brett Guthrie)提出,將於5月13日的預算調節法案審議中被討論。

該條文對AI及其他「自動化系統」的定義極為廣泛,涵蓋了目前正火熱發展的生成式人工智能工具,以及存在已久的相關技術。理論上,這將使各州難以執行現有或擬定中的法律,這些法律本旨在保障公眾知情權及安全。

舉例來說,去年加州通過法律,要求醫療服務提供者在使用生成式AI傳達臨床信息時必須披露。2021年,紐約成為美國首個要求雇主對使用於僱傭決策的AI工具進行偏見審核的州份。加州還將於2026年實施另一條例,要求生成式AI開發者在其網站上詳細披露用於訓練模型的數據,這對於目前AI公司隱瞞利用版權材料來訓練模型的行為,具有重大意義。

若共和黨成功推動此法案通過,這些州法律將形同虛設,無法執行。

此外,AI產業一直與特朗普政府關係密切,無論是Elon Musk參與DOGE,加上David Sacks擔任AI專員,以及Marc Andreessen作為顧問,都反映出這種密切聯繫。特朗普政府亦撤銷了拜登時期針對AI風險的行政命令。阻止各州自行制定AI監管政策,以保護民眾免受AI系統潛在傷害,是共和黨在AI監管議題上最激進的立場之一。

評論與分析

共和黨此舉不僅是對AI監管的全面封殺,更是一場關於權力下放與科技治理的激烈博弈。AI技術日新月異,帶來的倫理、隱私及安全問題日益複雜,州政府作為離民眾更近的治理層級,往往能更靈活地制定適合本地情況的法律。全面禁止地方監管,將令監管空白期長達十年,這段時間內,AI企業幾乎可不受約束地發展其技術,潛藏風險難以控管。

這種做法也反映了美國政治中對聯邦與地方權力分配的根本爭議:聯邦政府或某些政黨是否應該壟斷科技監管,還是應該讓多元地方實驗成為監管創新的溫床?從民主治理角度看,全面封殺地方監管權,可能削弱公眾對科技發展的監督,增加不公平與濫用的風險。

同時,這也暴露出AI產業與政治勢力的深度結盟,科技巨頭與部分政治人物利益綁定,可能阻礙必要的監管改革,令技術發展偏離公共利益。香港作為國際金融與科技樞紐,亦應從中吸取教訓,關注AI監管的平衡與多元參與,避免陷入單一利益主導的局面,確保科技發展與社會福祉同步前行。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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