特朗普政府連環解僱國會圖書館與版權局高層風波

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特朗普政府接連解僱美國最高版權官員

美國華盛頓 — 特朗普政府近日接連解僱了兩位負責美國文化與知識產權的重要官員。繼上星期四突然解僱美國國會圖書館館長卡拉·海登(Carla Hayden)後,白宮於星期日再以電郵通知版權局局長暨美國版權署署長希拉·珀爾穆特(Shira Perlmutter)即時解職。

美國版權局在聲明中表示,珀爾穆特於前一日收到白宮電郵,內容明確指出她「作為美國版權局局長暨版權署署長的職位即刻終止」。珀爾穆特於2020年10月由海登任命,負責領導美國版權署這個每年處理約50萬宗版權申請、涵蓋數以百萬計創作作品的機構。

珀爾穆特最近帶領的版權署發表了一份關於人工智能(AI)公司是否可使用受版權保護的資料來「訓練」AI系統的報告,這是長達多階段AI研究的第三部分。該研究自2023年起收集來自數千位不同人士的意見,包括AI開發者、演員及鄉村音樂歌手等。

今年一月,該署明確強調其版權保護的核心在於「人類創意的中心地位」,認為只有由人類創作的作品才有資格獲得版權保障。珀爾穆特表示:「當創意通過AI系統表達時,仍然享有保護;但若將保護擴展到由機器決定表達內容的材料,反而會削弱憲法所設立的版權目標。」

民主黨方面隨即批評此舉,紐約眾議員喬·莫雷爾(Joe Morelle)稱珀爾穆特被解職是「大膽且前所未有的權力濫用,毫無法律根據」。

珀爾穆特擁有法律學位,曾任專利及商標局政策主管,並在1990年代末期於版權署任職,對版權及知識產權領域有豐富經驗。她截至發稿時未回應媒體查詢。

特朗普政府此番接連解僱兩位掌管美國文化與知識產權的高層,顯示其對政府機構的影響力擴張及政策方向的強硬態度,尤其是在人工智能與版權法交叉的新興領域中,這一變動可能對未來美國版權政策走向產生深遠影響。

評論與啟示

特朗普政府連番解僱文化與知識產權領域的高層官員,反映了其政治策略中對掌控關鍵政府部門的強烈意圖。這種「清洗」行為不僅令人關注政府機構的獨立性與專業性是否受損,更突顯出政治干預在科技與文化政策制定上的風險。珀爾穆特領導的版權署在人工智能與版權保護的界限上提出了較為謹慎且重視人類創意的立場,正值全球對AI如何影響知識產權法規熱烈討論之際,此舉無疑具有前瞻性。

然而,解僱這樣一位在業界及法律界備受尊敬的專業人士,是否會讓美國在全球AI與版權政策的競爭中失去領導地位,值得深思。從香港及國際觀點看,這種政治動作揭示了科技監管與文化政策的脆弱性,也提醒我們在制定本地相關政策時,應該如何平衡政治干預與專業判斷,確保政策制定能夠持續反映技術發展與社會需求。

此外,這事件還引出一個更廣泛的問題:在人工智能迅速發展的時代,版權法如何適應新技術,保障創作者權益同時促進創新?美國版權署的報告強調人類創意的核心地位,這對全球其他地區在立法參考上有重要啟示。香港在推動創新科技與保護知識產權的過程中,亦應從中汲取經驗,尋找適合本地的平衡點。

總括而言,特朗普政府此舉不僅是人事上的震動,更是對科技、文化與政治交織下的版權政策未來走向的一次重要觀察窗口。如何在變革中保持制度的穩定與專業,是全球面對的共同挑戰。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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