NVIDIA降速晶片,續戰中國AI市場?




NVIDIA 降頻 H20 晶片規避美國出口限制,保住 180 億美元訂單

NVIDIA 總部外觀

NVIDIA 擬推降規版 H20 AI 晶片,力保中國市場

NVIDIA 據報計劃於未來兩個月內,推出一款專為中國市場而設、效能較低的新版本 H20 人工智能晶片。這一決定,是因為原本已獲准於中國銷售的 H20 型號,最近因美國出口限制而被實質封殺。

NVIDIA 已經通知包括主要雲端運算供應商在內的中國大客戶,預計這款「降規」晶片將於七月面世。

H20 原本是 NVIDIA 在中國市場上,最後一款被美國政府允許出口的高階 AI 晶片。但隨著美國出口管制愈趨嚴格,NVIDIA 為了保住這個極具價值的市場,只能選擇削弱產品規格、重新包裝再推出。

技術規格調低,規避出口執照規則

NVIDIA 為新一代 H20 晶片訂立了新的技術門檻,這亦成為設計降規版 H20 的指引。有消息人士透露,這次降規包括大幅削減記憶體容量;另一消息則指出,下游客戶甚至有機會自行調整模組,進一步改變效能。

美國商務部上月已通知 NVIDIA,原版 H20 晶片日後必須申請出口執照,等同切斷中國買家的供應鏈。對於這次改動,NVIDIA 及美國商務部暫未作出回應。

180 億美元訂單與中國 AI 市場需求

據報導,在新限制生效前,NVIDIA 今年一月至今已收到價值 180 億美元的 H20 晶片訂單。中國科技巨頭如騰訊、阿里巴巴、字節跳動等,早已因應本地 AI 解決方案需求急升,加緊搶購這類產品。

H20 晶片其實是自 2023 年 10 月美國收緊半導體出口規則後,NVIDIA 特別為中國市場設計,以符合新規定。但隨著美方不斷調整出口定義,連這款「特製」晶片都被排除在外。

中國收入佔比高,CEO 親赴北京

截至今年 1 月 26 日的財政年度,中國市場為 NVIDIA 帶來 170 億美元收入,佔總營業額約 13%。NVIDIA 對中國市場的重視可見一斑。

NVIDIA CEO 黃仁勳上月親自到訪北京,剛好是在美國宣佈新一輪出口限制後數日。他在當地會見中國官員,強調中國市場的重要性。黃仁勳早前亦向 CNBC 表示,中國 AI 市場未來兩至三年有望達到 500 億美元規模,「若錯過這個機遇,損失將非常巨大。」

他補充,繼續向中國銷售產品,不但能恢復公司營收,還能為美國創造稅收和大量就業機會。

美國持續收緊 AI 晶片出口

自 2022 年起,美國政府以國安為由,對出口中國的高階晶片設下嚴格限制。無論拜登還是特朗普政府,這些規定都不斷加強。

NVIDIA 近年多次調整產品線,正正反映了美國半導體企業要在中國做生意,難度愈來愈高。雖然降規版 H20 暫能解燃眉之急,但能否滿足中國客戶的性能需求,仍是一大疑問。

編輯評論:科技冷戰下的灰色地帶,NVIDIA 的「降規」策略是權宜還是新常態?

NVIDIA 此舉,既是無奈亦是聰明。面對美國政府步步進逼的出口限制,NVIDIA 選擇不與政策正面衝突,而是透過技術手段「打擦邊球」:將硬件規格降至剛好不觸及紅線,繼續合法出口,保住中國這個全球第二大 AI 市場。這種策略,實質是中美科技冷戰下企業求存的典型灰色操作。

但這種「降規」方案,長遠來看是否可持續?中國的 AI 巨頭、雲端運算公司會否因效能不足而轉向本地芯片或其他替代方案?還是會繼續為 NVIDIA 的品牌、軟硬件生態而妥協?同時,這也反映出美國出口政策的「動態性」——只要中國市場需求強烈、企業有利可圖,總會有新一輪技術規避、政策調整的拉鋸戰。

更值得深思的是,這種科技制裁與反制裁的遊戲,最終是否會推動中國自主芯片產業的加速崛起?NVIDIA 這次守住了 180 億美元訂單,但未來會否養虎為患?中美科技競賽已進入「規則鬥法」與「灰色創新」的新階段,對香港、亞洲甚至全球科技產業鏈,都是一場持續考驗。

總結而言,NVIDIA 的降規 H20 晶片,是一場企業靈活應對地緣政治的經典案例,也為全球科技供應鏈帶來深遠啟示——在大國博弈下,技術與政策的邊界,永遠都在移動。

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1. Makeup:Maintain Original Face: We will preserve the structure of your face, eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and expression as closely as possible to the original image to maintain naturalness and uniqueness, while adjusting the tone to be softer:

Eyes: Slightly reduce the sharpness of the Cat Eye eyeliner to a thin line close to the lash line for a softer look, while still maintaining eye definition.
Eyeshadow: Use natural tones like light brown, peach, or beige.
Eyebrows: Original shape, but brushed up to look softer and more natural.
Lips: Glossy, pink-tinted, nude-pink, or coral-toned lipstick/tint to make the lips look full and moisturized. Focus on a bright but not overly intense look.
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Attire: A white open-back bodysuit paired with distressed, faded blue denim shorts. There is a message "Kunika" on the shirt.
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The photo effectively contrasts the intensity of work with the serene,