英國議員:規管AI唔係阻創新,係雙贏!

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英國立法者:將AI創新與監管視為抉擇「完全無稽」

英國議會正在審議一項具有里程碑意義的AI安全法案,背後的推動者、英國上議院議員Richmond霍姆斯爵士(Lord Chris Holmes of Richmond)近日於倫敦舉行的《Fortune》Brainstorm AI會議上直言,認為當前社會普遍存在的「監管與創新必須二擇其一」的觀念是「完全無稽之談」。

霍姆斯爵士指出,這種二分法是困擾多數民主國家的錯誤思維。他強調,只要監管得當,既能促進創新者的發展,也能保障投資者、消費者及整體公民的利益。他於2023年曾在英國上議院提出私人議員法案,針對AI引入制定相關規範。該法案經過更新版本,現正再次於上議院審議,恰逢全球監管機構對AI監管方式展開激烈討論之際。

目前,美國聯邦政府採取較為寬鬆的監管策略,而歐盟則傾向更嚴格且謹慎的做法。英國及歐洲在此過程中遭受美國批評,尤其是美國副總統JD Vance公開表示,AI的未來不應被安全顧慮束縛,而應著重於「建設」。對此,霍姆斯爵士持不同意見,但同時也理解歐盟面臨的批評壓力。

另一位上議院議員Tim Clement-Jones提出,應該將焦點從地域分歧轉向建立國際標準。他提及由國際標準化組織(ISO)推出的42001全球標準框架,已有多家公司採用。對此,AI治理平台Credo AI的創辦人及CEO Navrina Singh持懷疑態度,認為僅靠打勾式的合規標準無法真正掌握AI運作的複雜性,並警告「只想走過場的話,在AI競賽中注定落敗」。

其他發言亮點

飛利浦全球研究主管Betsabeh Madani-Hermann分享經驗,強調創新過程中應將監管者、創新者、工程師及臨床專家聚集一堂,從一開始就全面討論,避免各自為政。

Singh則點出,AI監管不能「一刀切」,必須根據具體應用場景制定合作夥伴關係及建議,並大力推動標準化與互通性,才能整合現時分散的生態系統。

Clement-Jones認為,跨部門「沙盒化」審慎監管是降低AI開發風險的重要方式,有助於讓監管機構更好理解框架。

評論與啟示

霍姆斯爵士打破了「監管與創新必須抉擇」的老舊迷思,這對全球尤其是香港和亞洲地區的AI發展有重要啟示。很多人擔心嚴格監管會扼殺創新,但事實上,合理且適度的監管能夠建立市場信心,提升投資吸引力,促使企業在合規前提下更大膽創新。這種「雙贏」思維值得業界及政策制定者深思。

此外,國際標準化的推動與實施,雖然是趨勢,但Singh指出的「標準框架無法涵蓋所有使用場景」的問題,提醒我們標準制定不能只停留在形式,必須結合實際運作與風險評估,才能真正發揮作用。

對香港而言,面對AI技術快速演進與監管需求,不能簡單地模仿歐美模式,而應結合本地產業特性,建立靈活且具前瞻性的監管政策,並積極參與國際標準制定,從而在全球AI競賽中站穩腳步。

最後,多方專家提出的跨界協作理念尤為關鍵。AI的發展牽涉技術、法律、倫理與社會多方面,只有將監管者、技術人員、產業用戶及公眾共同納入討論,才能制定出既促進創新又保障安全的政策,真正推動AI造福社會。

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