用手抓物可簡化自閉症診斷方法

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如何個體抓取物體可能提供自閉症譜系障礙的簡化診斷方法

2025年5月5日 12:28 ET | 來源:約克大學

多倫多,2025年5月5日(GLOBE NEWSWIRE)—— 獲得自閉症譜系障礙的及時診斷一直是一個重大挑戰,但來自約克大學的新研究顯示,年輕成人,甚至可能是兒童,抓取物體的方式可能提供一種更簡單的診斷方法。

這個團隊是國際合作的一部分,利用機器學習分析自閉症和非自閉症個體在自然情境下的手部運動——特別是抓取過程中的手指動作。

約克大學心理學系的副教授Erez Freud表示:「我們的模型能夠以約85%的準確率對自閉症進行分類,這表明這種方法可能提供更簡單、可擴展的診斷工具。」

Freud指出:「目前在加拿大,大約每50名兒童中就有1名受自閉症影響,而及時和可獲得的診斷仍然是一個主要挑戰。我們的研究結果增加了越來越多的證據,表明微妙的運動模式可能提供有價值的診斷信號——這在臨床實踐中尚未得到廣泛利用。」

自閉症是一種神經發展障礙,除了社交和溝通挑戰外,還可能包括在早期童年時期顯現的運動異常。研究人員表示,及早測試這些運動動作可能導致更快的診斷和干預。

來自海法大學的自閉症研究專家Batsheva Hadad教授表示:「目前的診斷行為標記主要集中在相對較晚出現的行為上,而可以在童年早期捕捉到的運動標記可能會降低診斷年齡。」

自閉症和非自閉症的年輕成人參與者被要求使用附有追蹤標記的拇指和食指,抓取不同大小的積木,將每個積木抬起並放回原位,然後將手放回起始位置。研究人員利用機器學習分析參與者在抓取動作中的手指運動。

兩組參與者的智商正常,並在年齡和智力上匹配。選擇年輕成人而非兒童是為了排除因發展延遲而可能導致的結果差異。

研究發現,微妙的運動控制差異可以有效捕捉,準確率超過84%。研究還顯示,自閉症和非自閉症參與者在抓取動作中存在明顯的運動學特徵差異。

Freud表示,以往的研究通常未使用自然情境下的精確抓取任務進行分析。然而,機器學習為研究人員提供了一個強大的新工具來分析運動模式,開啟了在自閉症譜系障礙評估中使用運動數據的新方法。

Freud指出,這些發現可能導致開發更可獲得和可靠的診斷工具,並及時提供干預和支持,從而改善未來自閉症個體的結果。

該研究論文《通過抓取運動學有效分類自閉症》今天發表在《自閉症研究》期刊上。

這項研究的突破性意義在於,它不僅為自閉症的早期診斷提供了一種新的方法,還可能改變我們對自閉症的理解。以往的診斷方法往往依賴於社交行為和語言能力的評估,這可能導致許多自閉症患者在成長過程中未能及時獲得幫助。而這項研究強調了運動行為的微妙差異,顯示出這些差異在早期就能被捕捉,這對於及早介入和支持自閉症兒童至關重要。

此外,這項研究還可能促使醫療界重新思考自閉症的診斷標準,並考慮將運動學納入評估工具中。隨著機器學習技術的進步,未來的診斷將更加精確和個性化,這對於改善自閉症患者的生活質量具有深遠的影響。

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