卡塔爾能源洽談對日LNG長約,鞏固市場地位




卡塔爾能源與日本企業洽談長期液化天然氣供應協議

倫敦/新加坡消息——全球最大液化天然氣(LNG)供應商之一的卡塔爾能源(QatarEnergy),正與日本多家企業商討一項長期供應協議,計劃從其北方氣田擴建項目供應液化天然氣,五名貿易及行業消息人士向路透透露。

據其中四人表示,根據協議,卡塔爾將向一個日本進口商聯盟供應LNG,年供應量至少達300萬公噸,並由聯盟成員分配。

若協議達成,將進一步鞏固多哈在日本市場數十年的主導地位,因為來自美國以及鄰近的海灣國家阿聯酋和阿曼的競爭日益激烈,後者提供更靈活的合約條款。

這亦是自去年10月路透報道卡塔爾在與日本及南韓等東亞買家洽談長期液化天然氣合約時遭遇困難以來的首個合作協議。

目前與卡塔爾能源洽談的買家包括日本最大電力生產商JERA及貿易商三井物產(Mitsui & Co),四名消息人士透露,但因未獲授權對媒體發言而不願透露身份。

卡塔爾能源未立即回應路透的置評請求,而JERA表示正與多家供應商討論液化天然氣採購事宜,承認卡塔爾是重要供應商,但不會披露具體談判細節。

在周一的財報簡報會上,JERA財務策略及計劃部主管前川直宏指出,公司需要多元化供應來源。他說:「目前亞洲及大洋洲佔我們採購來源的一半以上。為了供應穩定,擴大至北美和中東等地區的選項會更有利。」

當被問及是否與卡塔爾能源商討長期LNG合約,三井物產表示正與多家賣方洽談以確保供應穩定,但不會透露個別談判細節。

北方氣田擴建計劃推動產能大增

根據分析公司Kpler數據,去年卡塔爾是全球第三大LNG出口國,僅次於美國和澳洲,2024年出口量達7954萬公噸。

卡塔爾計劃將北方氣田的LNG產能由目前每年7700萬噸擴大約85%,至2030年達到1億4200萬噸,超過先前預期的1億2600萬噸。

日本是全球第二大LNG買家,僅次於中國,貿易數據顯示去年進口量達6589萬噸。

十年前,卡塔爾曾是日本前三大LNG供應國之一,2012至2014年間每年出口量超過1500至1600萬噸。

這一增長主要得益於2011年福島核災後日本核電廠逐步停運,卡塔爾協助大幅提升LNG出口以彌補缺口。

然而,隨著日本核電廠陸續重啟,卡塔爾對日出口量逐漸減少。JERA也選擇不續約其年供550萬噸的長期合約,該合約於2021年底到期。Kpler數據顯示,去年卡塔爾對日本出口不足300萬噸。

JERA一名高層今年1月曾向路透透露,公司計劃增加從美國購買LNG,以分散供應風險,並應對由數據中心及人工智能發展帶來的需求增長,同時也計劃與中東供應商洽談,進一步多元化供應來源。

評論與啟示

卡塔爾能源與日本企業洽談長期LNG供應協議,反映出全球能源市場格局正面臨深刻變化。隨著美國和海灣鄰國加強對日本市場的競爭,卡塔爾必須以更具吸引力的條款和更大產能來鞏固其市場地位。這次談判若成功,不僅是卡塔爾重回日本市場的信號,更展示了能源供應鏈多元化的必然趨勢。

值得注意的是,日本作為亞洲主要能源進口國,正積極尋求供應來源多樣化,避免過度依賴單一地區。這既是應對地緣政治風險的策略,也是面對新興能源需求(如AI數據中心)爆發的前瞻準備。未來,日本能源政策中如何平衡核電重啟與LNG供應多元化,將對區域能源安全產生深遠影響。

此外,卡塔爾北方氣田的擴建計劃將為其在全球LNG市場提供更強競爭力,但同時也面臨來自美國頁岩氣和其他中東國家彈性合約的挑戰。這說明,能源市場不僅是資源的較量,更是合約彈性、供應穩定性及政治風險管理的較量。

總結而言,卡塔爾與日本的合作動向不僅是雙方商業利益的體現,更是全球能源安全格局中一個重要的風向標。對香港及亞洲市場來說,理解這一動態,有助於把握能源價格走勢與供應鏈風險,對投資及政策制定均有參考價值。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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