川普擬改拜登AI晶片出口管制!




特朗普政府考慮大幅修改拜登時代AI晶片出口規則

美國商務部在拜登政府卸任前一星期發佈了AI擴散框架,特朗普政府現正準備改動。圖:路透社

美國商務部在拜登政府卸任前一星期發佈了AI擴散框架,特朗普政府現正準備改動。圖:路透社

特朗普政府醞釀推翻AI晶片出口分級制度

據知情人士透露,特朗普政府正考慮對拜登時代實施的一項限制全球獲取先進人工智能(AI)晶片的規則作出重大調整。

這項名為「人工智能擴散框架」(Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion)的規則,由美國商務部於今年一月,即拜登總統卸任前一週正式頒布。

該規則把全球國家劃分為三個等級,以管控哪些國家可獲得如Nvidia H100等尖端AI晶片。第一級包括17個美國盟友及台灣,這些地區完全不受限制。

第二級國家則設有數量上限,而被視為「關注國家」——如中國、俄羅斯及伊朗——則被全面禁止購買這類晶片。

轉向全球許可制,晶片成新貿易籌碼

現時,特朗普政府正討論廢除這種分級制度,改為建立一套以政府間協議為基礎的全球許可制度。

這一改動與特朗普一貫主張的雙邊貿易談判策略相符,並有望讓美國在未來的貿易談判中,利用AI晶片作為談判籌碼,進一步鞏固其國際地位。

前商務部長羅斯(Wilbur Ross)表示:「目前有聲音要求完全取消分級制度,但這仍在討論階段。」

降低許可門檻,科技巨頭及議員憂反效果

政府亦在考慮調低許可申報的門檻。根據現行規則,單次訂單只要低於相等於1,700顆Nvidia H100晶片,只需作出通知即可。

但消息人士指,特朗普團隊可能會將這個門檻降至500顆晶片。

不過,包括Oracle和Nvidia在內的業界批評,現行規則可能會迫使其他國家轉向中國購買相關產品,而部分國會議員則警告,這些措施可能適得其反。

七位共和黨參議員已聯署要求商務部撤回該規則,理由是擔心國家安全和美國競爭力受損。

這項規則預計於5月15日正式生效。商務部發言人則拒絕就此置評。

編輯評論:AI晶片出口規則,科技戰與地緣政治的前哨

美國AI晶片出口規則的爭議,反映了科技與地緣政治的深度交織。拜登時代的「分級制度」表面上以盟友、競爭對手劃線,但這種「好人壞人」名單式分法,實際上容易被地緣局勢波動所左右,亦可能令美國盟友在技術合作上產生不信任。特朗普政府想轉向「政府對政府」的全球許可制,表面上更靈活,實際卻是將AI晶片當成新時代的「石油」——誰能掌控,誰就有主導權。

這種策略雖然有助美國以科技為籌碼,強化雙邊談判地位,但同時亦有風險:首先,全球科技供應鏈高度複雜,過度干預只會促使其他國家加快自主研發或另覓替代供應。例如,中國多年來已大舉投資自家AI晶片產業,美國一旦「卡脖子」過度,反而激發對方加速突破。

其次,降低單次出口門檻,雖可加強監控,但亦可能拖慢產業發展,令美國企業在全球市場合約競爭中失分。科技巨頭如Nvidia和Oracle的擔憂,正是來自於「規則過嚴,市場被迫轉向中國」的現實壓力。

最後,AI晶片不僅是商業產品,更是國家安全、經濟競爭力和新一輪全球科技標準爭奪戰的核心。美國的每一項政策調整,無論是分級還是許可,都會牽動全球產業鏈的神經。香港作為國際科技和金融樞紐,更須密切留意這類政策變動對本地創科企業、投資和人才流動的潛在影響。

未來,AI晶片的流通或許將不再只是商業決策,而是國際政治、經濟和科技的三重博弈。美國如何平衡安全、競爭與創新,將直接影響全球AI格局。

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A young Asian female inspired by "Imada Mio's" delicate doll-like aesthetic (精緻洋娃娃臉), featuring extraordinarily large, round, and soulful eyes with subtle brown irises, framed by long fluttering lashes. Her face is petite and exquisitely shaped with a defined V-line jaw, soft rosy cheeks flushed with youthful vitality, and plush, natural lips softly parted in a gentle, innocent yet slightly flirtatious expression. Her complexion is luminous and porcelain-smooth.

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She wears an oversized, semi-sheer white button-down shirt in a borrowed-from-the-boyfriend style (男友風白襯衫); the shirt slips loosely off her slim shoulders, unbuttoned at the top to reveal graceful collarbones and a hint of décolleté. The hem of the shirt falls mid-thigh, creating a tasteful "bottomless" look (下衣失蹤風格), her bare legs just visible beneath the diaphanous fabric, enhancing a pure yet subtly sexy visual impact.

The image is rendered with a high-key, natural daylight aesthetic reminiscent of Japanese gravure photobooks (寫真集風格): bright, airy lighting softly illuminates her features, casting gentle highlights and diffuse shadows for a dreamy, ethereal effect. Skin is rendered creamy and velvety with impeccable smoothness. The color palette echoes Fujifilm PRO 400H—soft, milky tones with delicate pastels, gentle greens, natural skin, and a nostalgic film grain that adds warmth and authenticity, evoking an elegant, fresh, and intimate atmosphere.

She is posed naturally, perhaps seated on light bed linens or by a sunlit window, exuding a blend of youthful innocence, pure allure, and quiet confidence. Hyper-detailed, cinematic composition, fine-tuned for photorealism yet with a subtle artistic charm. Ultra-realistic, vibrant aerial adventure photograph captures a joyful man (same face as reference image, 100% accuracy) paragliding high above a breathtaking tropical coastline. He is seated comfortably in his black and orange harness, legs dangling freely, facing the camera with a wide, excited smile, teeth showing, conveying pure exhilaration. He sports dark brown hair and a light beard,wearing a bright red t-shirt emblazoned with 'style' in bold white text within a blackCteate a Ultra-realistic, vibrant aerial adventure photograph in 9:16 ratio captures a joyful man (same face as reference image, 100% accuracy) paragliding high above a breathtaking tropical coastline. He is seated comfortably in his black and orange harness, legs dangling freely, facing the camera with a wide, excited smile, teeth showing, conveying pure exhilaration. He sports dark brown hair and a light beard,wearing a bright red t-shirt emblazoned with 'style' in bold white text within a blackrectangle, layered beneath an open blue and black plaid long-sleeved shirt. His attire includes grey cargo shorts, white socks, and distinctive red, white, and black high-top sneakers. In his left hand, he holds a black selfie stick, while his right grasps the paragliding control lines. The stunning backdrop features crystal-clear turquoise and deep blue ocean revealing intricate coral reefs and gentle breaking waves near a pristine white sandy beach. A charming coastal town with numerouswhite buildings is nestled against lush, emerald-green, tree-covered hills, which ascend to distant, hazy mountains under a softly clouded sky. Another yellow paraglider gracefully soars in the distance, and a long concrete pier extends into the tranquil water. The scene is illuminated by bright, diffused natural light, creating an exhilarating, free-spirited, and idyllic tropical mood, with a color palette dominated by vivid turquoises, deep blues, and verdant greens, beautifully contrastedby the crisp whites of the beach and town, and the bold reds of his clothing and footwear. 咒語:
可爱夏日风格,3D卡通主题。俯视角度
垂直俯拍视角的鸟瞰图:矩形深水游泳池铺满整个画面,游泳池周围围了一圈马赛克瓷砖,蠟筆小新微笑和小白闭眼躺浮在水面上,泳池角落漂浮着一只黄色橡皮鸭玩具和一个彩色游泳圈。阳光照射在水面形成波光粼粼的折射效果,高饱和度色彩搭配,超高清分辨率,俯视视角展现完整泳池轮廓,水质清澈,可以看到游泳池底部的瓷砖。高清渲染材质,景深效果明显,画面通透富有层次感,画面色调整体为清新冷色调,8K高清。

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