亞馬遜發射 Kuiper 衛星,挑戰 SpaceX 星鏈!



亞馬遜首批27顆Kuiper衛星成功升空 挑戰SpaceX星鏈霸主地位

美國華盛頓 — 亞馬遜(Amazon)旗下的Kuiper寬頻網絡計劃,於週一從佛羅里達發射首批27顆衛星升空,正式展開這個長期延遲的太空互聯網佈局,意圖與SpaceX的Starlink衛星網絡正面競爭。

這批衛星是亞馬遜計劃發射到低地球軌道的3,236顆衛星中的第一批,Kuiper項目自2019年公布,動用百億美元資金,目標是為全球消費者、企業及政府提供寬頻互聯網服務。這正是SpaceX多年來憑藉其強大的Starlink業務積極爭取的客戶群。

這批衛星搭載於聯合發射聯盟(United Launch Alliance,ULA)旗下波音與洛克希德·馬丁合資的Atlas V火箭上,於美東時間晚上7時從佛羅里達卡納維拉爾角太空軍基地發射升空。原定於4月9日的發射因天氣不佳被迫取消。

Kuiper計劃被視為亞馬遜目前最大的一項押注,將與Starlink以及AT&T和T-Mobile等全球電信巨頭展開競爭。亞馬遜將這項服務定位為特別有利於網絡覆蓋不足或根本沒有網絡的農村地區。

首批運營衛星的部署已經延遲超過一年,亞馬遜原本希望能在2024年初發射第一批衛星。美國聯邦通信委員會(FCC)設定的期限要求亞馬遜在2026年中前發射至少一半衛星(1,618顆),但由於起步較慢,分析師預計亞馬遜可能會申請延期。

發射後數小時或數天內,亞馬遜預計將從華盛頓雷德蒙的任務運營中心公開確認與所有衛星的聯繫。如一切順利,亞馬遜表示有望於今年晚些時候開始向用戶提供服務。

ULA執行長Tory Bruno本月接受路透訪問時透露,今年內可能還會有多達五次Kuiper衛星發射任務。亞馬遜在2020年向FCC提交的文件中表示,當發射達到578顆衛星時,Kuiper將在部分北部和南部地區啟動服務,隨著衛星數量增加,覆蓋範圍將向赤道地區擴展。

亞馬遜這家網絡服務與電商巨頭,進軍太空計劃雄心勃勃,但起步較晚,市場已被SpaceX主導。亞馬遜高層認為,憑藉公司在消費產品的深厚經驗和成熟的雲計算業務,Kuiper將比Starlink擁有獨特優勢。

2023年,亞馬遜試驗性發射了兩顆原型衛星,並在2024年將其安全降軌。此前,亞馬遜對Kuiper計劃的進展保持低調,直到本月初才正式宣布首次發射計劃。

多方競爭格局下的Kuiper與Starlink之爭

SpaceX由Elon Musk領軍,憑藉可重複使用的Falcon 9火箭,從2019年起已成功發射超過8,000顆Starlink衛星,週一完成第250次專用Starlink發射任務。SpaceX的發射速度加快到每週至少一次,每次火箭搭載約二十多顆衛星,持續擴大網絡帶寬並替換老舊衛星。

Starlink已累積超過500萬用戶,遍布125個國家,顛覆全球衛星通信市場,並吸引軍事與情報機構利用其網絡和製造能力推動敏感國家安全項目。

亞馬遜執行主席Jeff Bezos在今年1月接受路透採訪時表達對Kuiper的信心,認為互聯網需求「永無止境」。他說:「這個市場有很多贏家空間。我預測Starlink會繼續成功,Kuiper也會成功。」

他補充,這將主要是商業系統,但低地球軌道衛星星座也肯定會有國防用途。

2023年,亞馬遜公開了Kuiper用戶終端設備,尺寸類似LP黑膠唱片的天線可與Kuiper衛星通信,還有一款體積更小的終端,大小與旗下Kindle電子書相若。亞馬遜計劃生產數千萬台,單價低於400美元。

2022年,亞馬遜與ULA、法國阿麗亞娜空間(Arianespace)和Blue Origin簽訂了83次火箭發射合約,創下業界最大發射訂單,為Kuiper部署做準備。

編者評論:

亞馬遜Kuiper計劃的首次衛星發射,標誌著這家科技巨頭正式進軍太空互聯網市場,試圖搶占由SpaceX長期壟斷的藍海。雖然起步較晚且面臨嚴峻的時間壓力,Kuiper憑藉亞馬遜強大的財力及其在消費電子和雲計算方面的深厚根基,仍有望打造差異化競爭優勢。

從戰略層面看,Kuiper不僅是企業商業布局的延伸,更是亞馬遜對未來數字生態系統的押注。透過整合Kuiper衛星網絡與亞馬遜雲服務(AWS)及其龐大的客戶群,亞馬遜有機會在數據傳輸速度、服務穩定性和用戶體驗上形成獨特鏈接,這是Starlink難以短期內複製的。

此外,Kuiper瞄準的偏遠及農村地區市場,是全球數十億人口尚未完全接入互聯網的龐大藍海,這不僅有助於縮小數字鴻溝,也為亞馬遜帶來長遠的市場潛力。

然而,面對SpaceX快速且規模化的部署,Kuiper必須加快發射節奏並確保技術可靠,否則可能被對手進一步拉開差距。FCC的部署期限壓力也意味著亞馬遜在運營效率和資源調配上需極度精準。

綜合而言,Kuiper的發展不僅是科技競賽,更是一場關乎全球網絡格局和未來數字經濟的博弈。未來幾年,這場太空互聯網的競爭將如何演變,值得業界和用戶密切關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。

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