美國零售額激增!消費趕在關稅前?




三月美國零售銷售錄得兩年來最大升幅 消費者提前消費應對關稅憂慮

三月份美國零售銷售錄得兩年多以來最快增長,凸顯美國消費者在預期價格將因特朗普政府新一輪關稅而扭曲之前,加快了消費步伐。

根據美國人口普查局的初步估算,2025年三月零售及餐飲服務總銷售額達到7,349億美元,按月上升1.4%。這個增幅遠高於二月份的0.2%,亦勝預期的1.3%。按年計,零售銷售升幅達4.6%,不但創下自2023年二月以來最強勁的年度增長,亦較上月的3.1%明顯改善。

推動今次月度銷售大幅上升的主力,來自汽車及零件經銷商,銷售額飆升5.3%。建築材料及園藝設備店緊隨其後,錄得3.2%升幅,而餐飲及酒吧則增長1.8%。

不過,並非所有類別都有增長。加油站銷售下跌2.5%,百貨公司則錄得輕微的0.3%跌幅。

若撇除汽車及燃油,三月零售銷售仍上升0.8%,與二月經修訂後的數字一致。

市場反應:科技股受壓 金價創新高

美國零售數據強勁之際,市場情緒卻因中美科技貿易戰升溫而轉趨審慎。週三美股開市前,美國針對Nvidia(英偉達)等半導體公司對華出口的限制進一步收緊,導致美股期貨大幅下挫。

截至美東時間早上8:40,標普500指數期貨下跌0.8%,納斯達克100指數期貨急挫1.5%,反映投資者對科技貿易摩擦升級感到不安。

Nvidia股價在盤前大跌6.5%,而AMD(超微半導體)亦下挫7%。這波拋售潮源於美國政府進一步加強對先進晶片出口中國的管制。

同時,荷蘭半導體巨頭ASML公布首季收入遜於預期,股價在歐洲交易時段下滑4.5%,進一步加重行業壓力。

在避險情緒升溫下,金價持續創新高。現貨金價飆升超過2%,每盎司報3,320美元,今年以來累積升幅達23%,顯示投資者持續追捧避險資產。

編輯評論:美國消費強韌背後的焦慮與現實

美國三月零售銷售數據表面上亮麗,反映消費動能依然強勁,但背後卻蘊藏著消費者對未來價格不確定性的焦慮。事實上,這種「提前消費」現象,正是對政策風險的直接反應——特朗普政府的關稅措施,雖然未必即時推高通脹,但卻已經令企業和家庭作出預先部署,搶先購買,防範未來價格上升。這種「搶購潮」短期內或可拉動經濟數據,但長遠來說,卻可能令下季消費動能提前釋放,導致未來幾個月零售數據出現回落。

另一方面,科技股大幅下挫,反映市場對中美科技戰的憂慮已經不再只是「新聞」,而是真正影響到企業盈利和投資者信心。Nvidia和AMD在人工智能和高階運算領域的領導地位,使得他們成為出口限制的「風眼」,這不僅是企業個別風險,更是全球科技產業鏈斷裂的縮影。ASML收入遜預期,亦說明全球半導體供應鏈的壓力正在累積。

金價屢創新高,正好說明全球資本正尋找避風港。當股市因地緣政治和政策風險波動加劇,黃金的避險屬性再次受到追捧。這種現象對香港投資者同樣值得關注——在全球資產配置中,如何平衡增長與避險,將成為未來一段時間的關鍵課題。

總括而言,美國消費強韌並非無憂,背後隱藏著對未來經濟和政策環境的不安。科技貿易戰的持續升級,亦提醒我們全球化紅利正逐步消退,資本市場波動性勢必加劇。作為投資者和消費者,如何應對這種新常態,值得我們深思。

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