Forever 21破產重組:供應商恐血本無歸?




Forever 21債權人面臨重組方案下重大損失

據路透社報道,Forever 21的供應商、賣家及其他無擔保債權人在該快時尚零售商的破產重組計劃中,將面臨嚴重損失。該計劃預計無擔保債權人只能收回極少部分欠款,Forever 21無擔保債權人委員會的律師於週二表示。

在美國特拉華州一場虛擬法庭聆訊中,代表包括美國及中國製造商及供應商在內的債權人委員會律師Justin Alberto指出,他們仍在調查今年一月JCPenney收購Forever 21母公司SPARC集團的交易。無擔保債權人委員會在上週的法庭文件中指該交易實質上令Forever 21及其部分企業附屬公司承擔了JCPenney的現有債務。

委員會於4月10日的法庭文件中寫道:「本案結果對無擔保債權人極為不利,Forever 21部分最大供應商的生存及其員工的生計正處於危險之中。」

Forever 21的美國營運公司於三月第二次申請破產,負債約16億美元。根據法庭文件,其擬議的結業及破產退出方案將只向無擔保債權人(如供應商與賣家)償還他們4.33億美元債務的3%至6%。

而Forever 21在美國以外的營運實體則未有申請破產。

Forever 21受制於商場人流減少及快時尚行業網上競爭愈趨激烈的影響。該公司在法庭文件中指出,其面對來自「低價值貨物豁免」政策的競爭劣勢,該政策允許像Shein這類外國競爭者從中國進口低價貨物時免繳關稅。

美國總統特朗普本月早前簽署行政命令,將於5月2日起終止對來自中國及香港貨品的低價值貨物豁免。

屬於SPARC集團成員的Authentic Brands Group,擁有Forever 21的知識產權,表示可能會重新授權這些知識產權,此舉或可在美國保留Forever 21品牌的某種存在形式。

評論與深入分析

Forever 21的案例反映出快時尚零售業在數碼化及全球供應鏈重構下的巨大挑戰。長期依賴實體商場的Forever 21,在網購崛起和消費者行為轉變中逐漸失去競爭力。更甚者,低價值貨物豁免政策使得新興網購品牌如Shein能以更低成本切入市場,進一步侵蝕傳統零售商的市場份額。

破產重組方案中無擔保債權人只能回收極少部分債務,反映出資產價值大幅縮水,供應商的經濟壓力將非常沉重。這不僅影響個別供應商的生死存亡,更牽動整個產業鏈的穩定。供應商與製造商作為最基層的參與者,往往難以承受這種財務損失,可能導致連鎖反應,影響就業及地區經濟。

另一方面,JCPenney收購SPARC集團的交易是否公平合理,仍有待調查,這牽涉到破產程序的透明度及債權人利益的保護。對於無擔保債權人來說,如何在破產重組中爭取更合理的回報,是一場法理與商業博弈。

未來,品牌授權或成為Forever 21品牌存續的關鍵。Authentic Brands Group可能透過IP授權方式維持品牌活力,但這是否能成功轉型並重獲市場青睞,仍有很大不確定性。

整體而言,Forever 21的破產故事提醒我們,零售業必須加快數碼轉型和供應鏈創新,才能適應快速變化的市場環境。對香港及全球零售業者而言,這是一次警醒:單靠傳統商場與價格競爭,難以長久生存。如何在品牌、供應鏈、線上線下整合上尋求突破,將是未來成功的關鍵。

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