用糞便DNA追蹤飲食,無需問卷!




科學家從糞便DNA解碼飲食 – 無需提問

一項在系統生物學研究所(ISB)開發的突破性方法,通過分析糞便中的食物衍生DNA,實現了數據驅動的飲食追蹤,無需繁瑣的問卷調查。

2025年2月18日,西雅圖(GLOBE NEWSWIRE)——科學家們開發了一種突破性的方法,利用糞便的宏基因組數據來追蹤飲食。

這一新方法名為MEDI(飲食攝入的宏基因組估算),由系統生物學研究所的研究人員開發,能夠檢測糞便樣本中的食物衍生DNA,以估算飲食攝入量。MEDI利用糞便宏基因組學,這是指對糞便樣本中所有DNA(包括微生物、人類和食物衍生DNA)進行測序。這種非侵入性、數據驅動的方法提供了一種客觀的替代方案,取代了傳統的食物日記和問卷調查,後者雖然仍然是飲食評估的金標準,但常常存在報告不準確和遵從性問題。

“幾十年來,營養研究依賴自我報告的日記和問卷,這些方法需要研究參與者付出高程度的努力和遵從性。比如,我兩天前吃了多少草莓?我早餐時喝了一杯橙汁還是兩杯?”該研究的主要作者克里斯蒂安·迪納博士表示。“MEDI通過分析腸道宏基因組樣本中的食物衍生DNA,提供了一個方便的替代方案,並與已知的飲食和營養攝入模式有良好的一致性。”

主要發現:

1. **問卷基礎飲食追蹤的替代方案**:MEDI利用超過400種食物和3000億個基因組信息的數據庫,準確檢測出嬰兒和成人的食物攝入模式,並在兩項控制餵食研究中得到了驗證。

2. **將飲食攝入與營養聯繫起來**:MEDI將特定食物項目的相對豐富度轉換為營養特徵,假設每100克的份量。這些營養特徵與控制餵食研究的數據有良好的一致性。

3. **識別與飲食相關的健康風險**:在沒有食物日誌的情況下,MEDI能夠精確指出與代謝綜合症相關的飲食特徵,並在一個大型臨床隊列中進行分析。

“我們的研究標誌著在如何追蹤飲食及其對人類健康影響方面的一次重大進步,”該研究的資深作者、ISB副教授肖恩·吉本斯博士表示。“通過糞便中的食物衍生DNA特徵,我們現在擁有了一種強大的方法來測量飲食和微生物組成,這將擴展我們對塑造人類腸道微生物組、個性化營養反應和疾病風險的理解。”

隨著進一步的發展,MEDI有可能徹底改變營養科學、流行病學研究和臨床試驗,使研究人員、醫生和個人能夠以前所未有的便利追蹤與飲食相關的健康風險。

這項完整研究已發表在《自然代謝》期刊上。

在這項研究中,科學家們不僅提出了一種新方法來追蹤飲食,還為未來的健康管理提供了新的視角。這種基於糞便的飲食追蹤方法,將有助於減少人們在記錄飲食時的心理負擔,並提高數據的準確性。隨著技術的進一步成熟,這項研究或許能在個性化醫療和公共健康領域發揮重要作用,對於改善人群的整體健康水平具有深遠的影響。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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