DeepSeek挑戰美國AI霸權,東盟點揀?中美AI冷戰新戰場!

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DeepSeek、新的AI冷戰及其對東盟的影響 – 專欄
2025年2月9日 0 條評論
作者:Dr. Sameer Kumar

從美國的角度來看,DeepSeek現象引發了戰略警報。雖然這削弱了美國針對中國AI進步的制裁,但卻使新興經濟體(包括東盟地區的經濟體)有勇氣規避美國主導的AI壟斷。

最近,一家相對不知名的中國公司推出了DeepSeek,這是一個開源的、成本效益高的大型語言模型(LLM)。這一發布標誌著全球AI格局的重大轉變,因為它直接挑戰了美國AI巨頭如OpenAI(GPT)、Meta(Llama)和Google(Gemini)的根深蒂固的主導地位。

開發一個獨特的AI模型是非常昂貴的,尤其是如果模型是從零開始訓練的。成本取決於多種因素,如基礎設施、數據收集、訓練持續時間、微調和部署。DeepSeek成功地展示了,通過適當的管理,可以以傳統成本的一小部分開發高水準的AI模型。

DeepSeek的發布在美國股市引發了震蕩。作為領先的AI芯片製造商,Nvidia在一天內的市場價值損失超過5000億美元,創下紀錄。市場的恐懼在於DeepSeek的低成本AI模型可能會減少對高端GPU的需求。其他大型科技公司,包括Microsoft、Alphabet(Google的母公司)和Meta,也出現了股價大幅下跌。

美國採取了克制的技術策略,限制中國獲取Nvidia GPU等先進半導體技術,並禁止向參與中國AI發展的實體出口。作為回應,中國追求AI自給自足,DeepSeek模型便是其典範。這些LLM僅使用2000個Nvidia H800 GPU進行訓練——這種硬件是美國仍允許中國進口的,但能力有所降低。DeepSeek的成功大大削弱了美國削弱中國AI生態系統的努力。中國並沒有直接報復,實施類似的反制措施,而是選擇了能夠成功繞過美國技術堵塞的替代方法。

如果東盟國家轉向中國的AI生態系統,這將稀釋美國在該地區的數字影響力。因此,為了抵消DeepSeek日益增長的影響力,美國可能會尋求通過四方安全對話(Quad)和AUKUS數字倡議來加強與東盟的AI合作,擴大對東盟初創企業的OpenAI和Google API的訪問,並試圖施加AI治理框架,隱含著限制中國訓練的AI模型擴散的目標。

雖然美國對這些發展感到擔憂,但對於北京來說,DeepSeek不僅僅是技術上的成功,還是一種地緣政治工具。中國可以以極低的成本將基於DeepSeek的AI模型出口到東盟國家,從而創造數字依賴,強化北京在東南亞的技術主導地位。通過對抗主導全球話語的西方中心AI模型,中國可以將DeepSeek定位為“非西方”的AI替代品。

歷史上,東盟國家追求一種戰略對沖,即避免與美國或中國的任何一方進行獨占性對齊。然而,DeepSeek的崛起帶來了一些戰略選擇。例如,像柬埔寨、緬甸這樣已經在某程度上與北京結盟的國家,可能會接受DeepSeek並將其整合到政府和企業的AI應用中。其他國家如印尼、馬來西亞、泰國和越南,則可以選擇通過AI合作夥伴關係來推進。在這裡,DeepSeek可以用於低成本AI應用,同時他們可以繼續與美國保持尖端AI研究的合作。這樣的方式,繼續體現了東盟在地緣政治上的更廣泛“中立戰略”。新加坡、菲律賓等國可能會抵制中國的AI模型,因為他們擔心偏見、虛假信息和監控風險。儘管如此,這些國家可以採用類似歐盟的AI法規,確保中國訓練的LLM不會主導他們的數字生態系統。

東盟國家如果要實現開發自己競爭性LLM的任務,必須全力以赴。他們必須減少對美國的依賴,為此,必須在國內AI集群中重金投資雲端AI服務。此外,該地區的國家還可以創建專門針對當地語言的AI模型(例如印尼語、馬來語、泰語、柬埔寨語或越南語)。這樣,他們就能夠擺脫對英語訓練模型的依賴。東盟的區域AI倡議可以與東盟國家合作,共同集資開發一個針對東南亞的本土LLM。

隨著DeepSeek的出現,我們看到AI地緣政治的根本變化,這使得在美國主導的AI生態系統之外,實現成本效益高的AI發展成為可能。在東南亞,我認為這同時是一個良好的機會和挑戰。儘管DeepSeek現象降低了AI進入的門檻,使得區域AI獨立性變得更加可行,但它也在東盟內部創造了一個美中數字競爭的新舞台。東盟政府將被迫謹慎處理AI依賴問題,確保不會過度依賴華盛頓或北京。如果東盟國家能夠把握這一時刻,這將使它們從被動的消費者轉變為AI革命的積極貢獻者。然而,如果他們未能行動,他們將面臨在美國和中國之間的數字冷戰中僅僅成為戰場的風險。

對於這篇文章的內容,我認為DeepSeek的出現不僅是技術上的創新,更是地緣政治的重新洗牌。這一現象顯示了全球AI生態系統的多樣性正在增強,尤其是在東南亞地區。東盟國家應該積極探索與中國的合作,並同時保持與美國的關係,以便在這場數字冷戰中找到自己的立足點。這不僅僅是技術的競爭,更是各國在全球科技發展中的主導權之爭。如何平衡與兩大強權的關係,將決定東盟未來在全球科技舞台上的角色。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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"intro": "Create an ultra realistic 8K UHD DSLR photo based on the attached image as a reference of facial features, maintaining 100% likeness.",

"subject": {
"identity": "A beautiful real human woman portrayed as Cleopatra, seated majestically on her royal Egyptian throne, maintaining 100% likeness to the reference.",
"pose": "Confident, elegant, and seductive seated posture with her back straight and shoulders relaxed. One hand rests authoritatively on the throne’s armrest while firmly holding a ceremonial cobra staff, and the other hand rests sensually on her thigh. Her legs are positioned to subtly reveal the high slit of her gown, radiating queenly dominance, power, and allure.",
"hair": "Long, thick, voluminous hair flowing past her shoulders, colored deep dark brown with a rich natural sheen. The hair is worn loose and sleek with soft natural movement, cascading elegantly down her back and framing her face in a regal manner.",
"makeup": "Bold royal Egyptian glam with highly colorful eye makeup. Her eyes feature layered pigments of turquoise, sapphire blue, emerald green, and molten gold, enhanced with dramatic black ink-style Egyptian eyeliner extending boldly beyond the outer corners in graphic, calligraphic strokes. Metallic accents and micro-shimmer highlight the inner corners. Skin remains warm, glowing, and luminous with sculpted bronze contours, peachy blush, and radiant highlights. Brows are full, strong, and queenly. Lips are soft nude-peach with a glossy, luminous finish to balance the intense eye look.",
"attire": "An ultra-luxurious, sexy Cleopatra couture gown in pure luminous white. The gown is body-hugging through the bodice and hips, featuring a plunging deep neckline adorned with gold filigree, crystal embellishments, and sacred Egyptian symbols. A dramatic thigh-high slit reveals her leg elegantly. Additional elements include gold-thread embroidery, sculpted drapery, and gemstone accents along the waist and slit. A long, ultra-sheer, lightweight cape made of fine translucent silk chiffon flows from her shoulders, delicately dusted with gold shimmer and subtle hieroglyphic motifs, adding movement and divine softness to her powerful presence.",
"crown": "An extraordinarily grand and opulent Cleopatra headpiece—the ultimate royal Egyptian crown. Crafted from radiant gold, it features a dominant central cobra (uraeus) with emerald and lapis lazuli gemstone eyes, flanked by winged sun disks, lotus engravings, and layered ceremonial plates. The crown rises elegantly with intricate detailing, inlaid gemstones, and divine symmetry, making it unmistakably royal, powerful, and legendary.",
"accessories": "Lavish layers of royal accessories including an oversized beaded broad collar necklace in gold, turquoise, lapis lazuli, and carnelian; stacked gold arm cuffs engraved with hieroglyphs; gemstone-studded bangles; multiple ornate rings; a delicate gold waist chain draped over her hips; and detailed anklets with symbolic charms that enhance her divine queen status.",
"footwear": "Traditional Egyptian royal flat sandals crafted from gold-plated leather with delicate beaded straps, turquoise and lapis inlays, open-toe design, and sacred cobra and lotus motifs."
},

"throne": {
"design": "A massive, ultra-bonggang ancient Egyptian royal throne made of carved gold, obsidian, and polished stone.",
"details": "The throne is richly decorated with winged sun disks, twin cobras, lion-head armrests, lotus and papyrus carvings, and engraved hieroglyphs symbolizing power, eternity, and divine rule. The backrest rises high above her head like a ceremonial monument, inlaid with turquoise, lapis lazuli, and gold leaf patterns. Cushioned with deep ivory and gold-embroidered textiles, the throne radiates absolute authority and unmatched royal luxury."
},

"props": {
"primary": "A ceremonial golden staff topped with a sculpted cobra head, its eyes set with glowing emerald gemstones, symbolizing wisdom, protection, and supreme power.",
"secondary": "Golden jars, papyrus scrolls, gemstone offerings, decorative incense holders emitting thin smoke trails, sacred ceremonial artifacts, and royal insignias placed symmetrically around the throne platform."
},

"background": {
"setting": "A grand Egyptian throne room at night, glowing with warm torchlight and golden illumination.",
"details": "Towering sandstone walls fully carved with hieroglyphics and royal chronicles, monumental lotus and papyrus columns trimmed in gold, statues of Egyptian gods and goddesses standing guard, large braziers casting flickering firelight, patterned gold-and-turquoise stone flooring, and sheer linen curtains gently flowing in the warm desert breeze. Macro-to-micro details are visible throughout, with no blur effect—everything is crisp, sharp, and hyper-detailed."
},

"camera": {
"shot": "Half-body to three-quarter editorial portrait showcasing her throne, flowing white gown with cape, colorful inked eye makeup, crown, and cobra staff.",
"angle": "Eye-level royal perspective emphasizing her dominance, beauty, and divine authority.",
"lens": "85mm portrait lens with ultra-sharp clarity and deep texture definition.",
"lighting": "Cinematic warm golden torchlight combined with subtle shadow sculpting, enhancing gold textures, gemstones, fabric folds, and facial features; no blur effects.",
"quality": "Ultra-sharp, high-contrast, glossy editorial realism with 8K-level detail."
}
} Stylised portrait in emerald green and charcoal black palette. Grayscale realism for subject, upward gaze. Sunglasses with muted emerald reflective lenses. Jacket with ornate baroque/filigree black designs, emerald hood underneath. Textured emerald-green fabric draped below. Background: dense, overlapping hand-inked patterns in emerald, charcoal, and subtle silver — radiating lines, geometric shapes, spirals, parallel contour textures, crosshatching, organic waves, dots. Bold contrast, deep blacks, glowing emerald accents. Mixed-media pop realism. Negative prompt: no cartoon, no art style, no painting, no drawings.