美國AI晶片出口管制:歐盟盟友有分級,十七國落選

Ai




美國新AI晶片出口管制分化歐盟

美國總統喬·拜登最近宣布了一項針對人工智能(AI)晶片產業的新一輪出口管制,儘管為一些戰略盟友設立了豁免,許多歐盟成員國卻未能入選。

隨著ChatGPT的推出引發的AI創新浪潮,以及美國與中國在新技術發展上的持續經濟競爭,晶片製造及用於AI的圖形處理單元(GPU)的地緣經濟價值愈發凸顯。

白宮的這項公告是在越來越多的努力下發布的,目的是限制將最先進的晶片轉移給不受信任的實體。根據公告,18個符合“高安全性和信任標準”的“關鍵盟友和夥伴”將被指定為通用驗證終端用戶(UVEU),並可享受完全豁免於限制GPU運輸的措施,而更長的國家名單中,包括一些歐盟成員國,則不在其中。

被選為UVEU的公司將能夠購買數十萬顆晶片,但仍然受到限制,全球各國的AI計算能力將保持在“最多7%”。而不在名單上的國家,但又不屬於“關注國家”的,可以申請獲得在未來兩年內購買最多320,000顆先進GPU的許可,其餘國家則限於每個國家最多購買50,000顆GPU。

至於如何界定關鍵盟友,公告指出,這些地區擁有強大的技術保護制度和與美國國家安全及外交政策利益一致的技術生態系統。

“關注國家”名單包括大約20個國家,如中國、俄羅斯、伊朗、北韓和委內瑞拉,而沒有歐盟國家出現在這個名單上。

誰在名單上,誰不在?

總共有10個歐盟成員國被列入美國盟友名單,而17個則未能入選。至於用來指定國家為盟友的標準,有些例子難以理解。

例如,荷蘭和台灣因其在全球晶片製造過程中的重要影響力而被豁免,這不難理解;但比利時作為關鍵盟友而獲豁免的原因卻不明朗,為何波蘭卻未能入選則更令人困惑。

在美國宣布後,歐洲科技和貿易專員亨娜·維爾庫嫩和馬羅什·謝夫科維奇聯合發表聲明,表達對這些措施的擔憂,但他們將重點放在美國與歐盟的經濟合作上,認為歐盟是美國的經濟機會,而非安全風險,並期望與即將上任的特朗普政府進行建設性接觸。因此,晶片貿易很可能會被納入歐盟與新美國政府未來的跨大西洋貿易關係討論中,而不是立即受到挑戰。

然而,IT行業的利益相關者對此並未以如此冷靜的方式作出反應。科技遊說團體ITI的首席執行官傑森·奧克斯曼在一份新聞稿中表示,這一決定來得過於倉促,且沒有充分的利益相關者參與。他呼籲即將上任的特朗普政府解除這些限制,因為這將威脅到全球供應鏈及美國技術在全球的使用。

這項新政策不僅影響了美國與歐洲的科技合作,還可能在全球科技生態系統中引發連鎖反應。美國在AI技術及其基礎硬件的領導地位正受到挑戰,然而,這樣的出口管制卻可能導致盟友之間的分裂,並促使歐洲國家尋求替代方案以減少對美國技術的依賴。隨著全球科技競爭的加劇,這一政策的後果將值得我們持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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Create a photorealistic and highly detailed image featuring the attached image walking confidently down a modern city street, accompanied by Jason Statham, Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson, and Jason Momoa acting as bodyguards.
John Wick (Keanu Reeves) is walking just beside or slightly behind the subject, holding an umbrella over him to shield from light rain.
The subject should be the central figure, wearing stylish casual clothing — like a fitted jacket, dark jeans, and sunglasses — exuding calm authority and cool charisma.
Statham, The Rock, and Momoa are dressed in black tactical-style suits, maintaining alert, protective stances, scanning the surroundings like professional bodyguards. John Wick wears his signature black suit and tie, looking composed as he holds the umbrella.
The setting is a downtown urban street with wet pavement reflecting city lights, parked luxury cars, and paparazzi in the background snapping photos.
The photo should look like a real paparazzi shot — slightly off-angle, mid-step motion blur, with realistic lighting and reflections.
Lighting: natural daylight with overcast skies, reflections from wet concrete, realistic shadows, subtle raindrops on the umbrella and clothing.
Camera realism: crisp detail on facial features and clothing textures, shallow depth of field emphasizing the group, with lens flare or light bloom for authenticity.
Mood & tone: grounded, cinematic, and stylish — feels like a moment from a celebrity entourage photo or action-movie press capture, taken with an iPhone by paparazzi.
Style: ultra-realistic, documentary-style street photography with modern cinematic sharpness. Prompt:
Use my image in Ultra-realistic, hyper-detailed, 8K cinematic portrait of a young stylish man, using the uploaded image for exact face and hairstyle.
Outfit: An oversized red knit sweater with white hearts, exactly as described in the prompt.
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described in the prompt. Background: Not specified. Google Gemini / Meta AI 🎯💯 

Promte ✅ 

A hyper-realistic night portrait of a handsome young man leaning casually against a black luxury car, laughing heartily with head tilted slightly back. He has a groomed beard, short styled dark hair, and is wearing a plain black long-sleeve crewneck sweatshirt. The lighting is low-key and cinematic, with the subject's face warmly illuminated against the darkness. The background features a dark street with beautiful, creamy golden bokeh orbs from distant streetlights and car headlights. Shot on a Sony A7R IV with an 85mm f/1.4 lens, shallow depth of field, sharp focus on the smile, high contrast, moody urban night atmosphere, 8k resolution. Size 4:5 ratio 100% use my upload reference image