AlphaFold AI解蛋白結構四年後,競爭依然激烈

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四年後AlphaFold的AI“解決”蛋白質結構,激烈的競爭依然持續

為什麼被稱為CASP的實驗仍面臨新的挑戰

在2020年,新聞標題重複著約翰·穆爾特(John Moult)在一場驚人比賽結束時的話:人工智能已經“解決”了生物學上一個長期存在的重大挑戰——蛋白質結構預測。

穆爾特是馬里蘭大學的分子生物物理學家,他於1994年共同創辦了“蛋白質結構預測技術的關鍵評估社區實驗”(CASP)。組織者稱之為“實驗”,但研究界卻視其為一場競賽。每兩年,科學家們會從他們的發表論文中走出來,參加盲測挑戰,測試他們的計算模型是否能夠根據氨基酸序列預測蛋白質的三維形狀。

預測一串氨基酸的3D形狀就像一條只有一個正確摺疊的折紙形狀的報道。這是非常困難的。在2020年,AI公司DeepMind的AlphaFold2震驚了結構生物學界,成功實現了生物學家近三十年來未能做到的事情:達成的預測幾乎和實驗室實驗一樣準確。

這種技術的突破不僅僅是科學界的一次勝利,它還可能對藥物開發、疾病治療等多個領域產生深遠影響。隨著AI技術的持續進步,我們或許能在未來看到更快的藥物研發過程,這對於應對各種疾病將具有重要意義。

然而,儘管AlphaFold2的成就令人讚嘆,CASP的實驗仍然面臨新的挑戰。隨著科學的進步,蛋白質結構預測的難度也在增加,這要求研究者不斷調整他們的模型和方法,以應對更為複雜的生物系統。因此,這場競賽的意義不僅在於技術的競爭,更在於推動整個生物科學領域的發展。

總的來說,這個領域的發展不僅關乎技術本身,更涉及到人類健康的未來。AI在生物學中的應用是一次全新的探索,不僅改變了我們對生命科學的理解,也可能重新定義我們的醫療體系。未來的挑戰將會是如何將這些技術有效地整合到實際的醫療應用中,讓每一位患者都能受益於科學進步的成果。

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