人工智能耶穌:科技與信仰的衝突實驗

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當AI耶穌進入告解室:一項具爭議性的實驗帶來的教訓

在瑞士的一間教堂中,最近結束了一項與訪客對話的實驗,這項名為「AI耶穌」的計劃引發了不同的評價,既被視為魔鬼的工作,也被認為是一個啟發性的科技與宗教交匯的實驗。作為這個虛擬耶穌背後的技術人員之一,阿爾約沙·斯莫利克(Aljosa Smolic)在開始這個由人工智能驅動的耶穌項目時就預見到了這樣的反響。他表示:「我們知道這會引發非常批評的聲音。」他還指出,教會和宗教必須面對這個主題。

斯莫利克和他的同事菲利普·哈斯爾鮑爾(Philipp Haslbauer)與彼得教堂的神學家馬爾科·施密德(Marco Schmid)共同構思了AI耶穌。彼得教堂定期舉辦藝術和文化展覽,並與該研究實驗室合作進行多個科技項目,包括一個18世紀空間的虛擬實境體驗。

這個AI耶穌的體驗被稱為「機器中的上帝」(Deus in Machina),作為一個藝術裝置,旨在探索科技在宗教中的承諾與局限,因為這兩者的交集越來越多。

AI耶穌的互動經驗

在AI耶穌的兩個月運行期間,超過900名教堂訪客與這個天上的全息影像互動。他們進入一個木質內裝的告解室,通過一個通常用於與神父對話的格子窗與AI耶穌交流。這次,他們面對的是一個展示AI生成的耶穌影像的屏幕,這位耶穌被刻意描繪成經典的形象:有著鬍鬚、長髮,散發著安詳的氣息,以合成的聲音用100種語言傳遞安慰和信仰的話語。

這個虛擬耶穌的信息是由GPT 4o生成的,這是支撐OpenAI的ChatGPT在線聊天機器人的一個版本。參加者在離開告解室後會填寫問卷,反思他們的體驗。

人們與AI耶穌談了什麼?

目前,沉浸式現實研究實驗室正在研究這些對話,旨在識別重複的主題並更好地評估人們對機器的信任。初步數據顯示,參與者最常詢問的是有關天主教會本身的問題,例如它如何變化,以及他們認為需要改變的地方。「有些問題是批判性的,」哈斯爾鮑爾在上個月的研討會上表示,「例如,為什麼女性不能成為神父?」也有人詢問教會中的虐待事件。

第二常見的主題涉及愛與性,參與者也詢問如何能過上更好的生活。其他人則談論疾病、死亡和來世。雖然網上並不難找到耶穌聊天機器人,但這個擁有真實外觀的虛擬耶穌及其位於著名老教堂的背景卻引起了全球的關注。

一位Tripadvisor的評論者愛德華(Edward)在11月的評論中表達了強烈的不滿:「這簡直是褻瀆,違背了聖經,讓人感到冒犯。不要讓這成為在這些地方接受AI的開始。」

斯莫利克表示,大多數負面評論來自那些在網上閱讀有關AI耶穌的人,而非親自與這個虛擬耶穌互動的人。「來到教堂並嘗試的人也有批評,但大多是非常正面的,」他說。「許多人真的把它當作一種靈性對話夥伴來嘗試。」

AI耶穌是如何知道該說什麼的?

團隊為GPT 4o編程,使其模仿耶穌,指示它:「你是耶穌基督,上帝之子,擔任牧靈的調解者。你要遵循人們的請求,提供指導和支持。」AI模型還接收了其他指示:將新約中的故事織入回答中,避免使用性別化語言,支持那些面臨困難的人,並在他們尋求成長時挑戰他們,最後以祈禱告別。

儘管對話是在告解室中進行,但施密德告訴《衛報》:「這並不是一個告解。我們並不打算模仿告解。」

儘管如此,在告解環境中舉辦「機器中的上帝」的選擇讓一些宗教界的人感到不安。「告解和悔改總是在教會這個人類社群中進行,」聖十字學院宗教研究的名譽教授喬安娜·皮爾斯(Joanne Pierce)在《國家天主教報》的一篇客座意見文章中寫道。「人類信徒向人類神父或主教承認他們的罪。」

數位神父的爭議

約瑟夫·赫施梅耶(Joseph Heschmeyer),一位天主教信仰的作家和講者,對AI耶穌的看法也認為這削弱了真正告解的神聖性。在與這個互聯網連接的虛擬形象互動之前,參與者獲得了一些非常現代的建議:不要透露個人信息,至少不要透露那些最好保密的在線信息。

赫施梅耶在觀看「機器中的上帝」運行的視頻後表示:「這幾乎是與真正告解的完全相反。真正的告解不僅僅是你去詢問某些問題,而是你分享作為靈性朝聖者的經歷核心,讓神父能夠將耶穌的憐憫之言傳遞給你。」

赫施梅耶本人對科技與宗教交集的敏感性有著切身的體會。今年早些時候,天主教回答(Catholic Answers)推出了一位名為「賈斯丁神父」(Father Justin)的數位神父,專門回答有關天主教的問題,卻遭到激烈的反彈,幾天後因批評而更改了這個角色的名稱,將其重新命名為一位普通的領導者。

「人們對AI的前景和承諾非常感興趣,但同時也對這股新的人造浪潮感到不安,」赫施梅耶說。「任何看起來像是這些神聖關係模仿的東西,不僅在怪異的邊緣,更在靈性上觸發了各種警報。」

AI耶穌背後的團隊正在收集他們在將科技與信仰融合的過程中獲得的見解,探索互動工具如何與靈性主題互動,同時解決它們所引發的倫理和神學問題。斯莫利克表示,虛擬基督可能會在科學會議和藝術展覽中再次出現。

從這篇文章中,我們可以看到科技和宗教之間的緊張關係。AI耶穌的實驗不僅揭示了人們對新技術的好奇心,也反映了他們對信仰的深切思考。究竟科技能在宗教中扮演怎樣的角色,這仍然是一個值得深入探討的問題。這樣的實驗是否會促進信仰的深化,還是會引發更多的質疑和反對聲音,未來的發展將會給出答案。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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