三哩島核電廠重啟:居民憂慮與經濟利好之間的掙扎

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美國三哩島核電廠重啟引發喜憂參半

美國三哩島核電廠的計劃重啟被讚譽為賓夕法尼亞州的福音,並且對人工智能的發展有助益,但當地居民卻對1979年近乎災難性的熔毀事件心有餘悸,對此感到反感。

賓夕法尼亞建築和貿易理事會主席羅伯特·貝爾(Robert Bair)告訴法新社:“天然氣受到攻擊,煤炭在全國範圍內關閉。我們需要穩定的基載電源,而核能可能是我們最有效的基載電源。”他認為,核電廠的重啟將使整個國家受益。

根據該理事會的一項研究,重啟三哩島核電廠可能帶來約3,400個工作崗位和30億美元的稅收收入。

三哩島核電廠(TMI)在1979年熔毀後的一半仍然在運營,直到2019年因經濟原因關閉。這次重啟的原因是微軟需要為其耗能巨大的數據中心提供電力。

隨著生成式人工智能的革命,數據中心的能源需求激增,推動雲計算巨頭尋找額外的低碳能源來源。

微軟作為人工智能競賽的領頭羊OpenAI的最大股東,已與TMI運營商Constellation簽署了為期20年的合同,該合同規定核電廠生成的所有電力將供應給這家硅谷巨頭。

“我對這個電廠的重啟感到滿意,但主要是因為我最好的朋友在OpenAI工作,”米德爾敦的巴士司機謝伊·麥加維(Shay McGarvey)開玩笑說。“其實更重要的是它將創造的工作崗位數量。”

倫多德里鎮委員會主席巴特·謝倫哈默(Bart Shellenhamer)表示:“這個單元在過去45年裡一直是倫多德里鎮及周邊地區的好鄰居。”

魔鬼交易的陰影

然而,對於其他人來說,1979年的恐懼與焦慮依然鮮明。

“多數居民希望它繼續關閉,”位於蘇斯夸哈納河對岸的戈茲堡市市議會主席馬修·坎宗內里(Matthew Canzoneri)表示。“所產生的能源並未直接惠及社區,考慮到TMI的歷史,這裡確實存在相當的擔憂。”

1979年,該電廠的第二單元因設備故障和人為失誤發生熔毀,將放射性物質釋放到大氣中,並引發大規模撤離。這場事故讓美國人關注了數天,並引領了一個全新的核能焦慮與監管時代。雖然最糟糕的反應堆容器破裂事件未發生,但它仍然是美國商業核電史上最嚴重的事故。

四十五年後,一些居民仍指責當局淡化災難的嚴重性。

一些研究顯示,隨後幾年該地區白血病、甲狀腺癌和肺癌的發病率高於平均水平,但尚未正式確認與核事故的關聯。

1979年時還是青少年的瑪莉亞·弗里斯比(Maria Frisby)堅稱:“在(核能監管委員會)承認三哩島的部分熔毀情況更糟之前,我絕對不會同意重新開放這個電廠是個好主意。”

這位60歲的女士表示:“我失去了很多同班同學,他們因多種癌症在50多歲時去世。”對她來說,與事故之間的聯繫顯而易見。

貝爾表示,重要的是要區分發生事故的第二單元與第一單元,他強調第一單元“多年來是全國最有效的電廠”。

“我理解總會有擔憂,”他說。“但根據我所見以及對核能行業的了解,沒有任何行業比核電的監管、審查和監督更為嚴格。”

EFMR非營利組織的埃里克·愛潑斯坦(Eric Epstein)指出,像是用過核燃料的儲存問題,Constellation告訴法新社,這些燃料將在島上儲存——正如第一單元安全運營近40年期間所做的那樣。

“這是一個魔鬼交易,”愛潑斯坦說。“你暫時獲得電力,但放射性廢物卻是永恆的。”

這一事件引發了對核能的深思,尤其是在當今對可再生能源需求上升的背景下,社會對核能的看法也在發生變化。重啟三哩島核電廠的決策,不僅是經濟考量,更是對過去的反思和對未來的選擇。人們需要在能源需求和安全之間找到一個平衡點,以確保不再重蹈覆轍。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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