新記憶技術:結合DRAM與SRAM的未來!

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美國斯坦福大學科學家朝著新技術邁進,結合超高價但超快速的SRAM和DRAM

隨著對人工智能(AI)系統能效硬件的需求日益增加,記憶體技術的改進成為了重點研究方向。斯坦福大學的電機工程師們正在開發一種新的混合記憶體類型,旨在將動態隨機存取記憶體(DRAM)的高密度與靜態隨機存取記憶體(SRAM)的高速結合起來。

這項研究的資金來自《CHIPS和科學法案》,最近美國國防部向加州-太平洋西北AI硬件中心提供了1630萬美元的資助。AI系統對能有效移動和處理大量數據的硬件依賴性極高,但內存與邏輯單元之間的數據傳輸需要時間,這會減慢GPU的運行速度,並導致能耗增加。

隨著AI模型變得越來越大和複雜,這些記憶體瓶頸的問題愈發明顯。因此,將更快且密度更高的記憶體直接放置在芯片上被視為解決方案之一。

斯坦福大學的H.-S. Philip Wong強調,記憶體在提高AI硬件能效方面的重要性。他的團隊轉向一種新的記憶體設計——增益電池記憶體(Gain Cell memory),這種記憶體結合了DRAM和SRAM的優勢,提供了一個折衷方案,既具備DRAM的小體積,又具備SRAM的快速讀取速度。

這一新設計的關鍵在於使用了兩個晶體管——一個用於寫入數據,另一個用於讀取,而不是傳統DRAM中的電容器。這使得增益電池能更可靠地保持數據,並在讀取數據時增強信號強度。

增益電池記憶體在矽基設計中面臨著快速數據洩漏的限制,而在氧化物基設計中則存在較慢的讀取速度。然而,斯坦福團隊將矽晶體管與氧化銦錫晶體管結合在一起,顯著提升了設備的性能,實現了更快的讀取速度,同時保持了緊湊的體積。

這種新設計可以將數據保持超過5000秒,遠超傳統DRAM每64毫秒需刷新一次的要求。此外,這種混合記憶體的速度約為氧化物-氧化物增益電池的50倍。

Wong將這一進展比作從一輛基本的三速自行車過渡到一輛複雜的20速自行車,強調這一記憶體技術的演變將超越傳統的DRAM、SRAM和閃存等選項。他表示:「我們希望提供更好的選擇,讓設計師能夠進行更好的優化……這是一個重新架構計算機的機會。」

這項研究不僅在技術層面上具有重要意義,還可能引發整個行業的變革。隨著AI技術的快速發展,記憶體技術的進步將直接影響到計算機的性能和能耗,對未來的科技發展具有深遠的影響。在這樣的背景下,增益電池記憶體的成功開發無疑將成為AI硬件領域的一個重要里程碑,值得我們持續關注。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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