「攝影靈感:抄襲還是創新?」

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抄襲別人的照片算不算盜竊或靈感?
作者:Sean McCormack 發佈於2024年11月5日

有一句古老的諺語說:「好的藝術家抄襲,偉大的藝術家竊取。」這句話的歷史可以追溯到W. Davenport Adams,再到T.S. Elliot,甚至是史蒂夫·喬布斯。喬布斯將這句話歸功於巴勃羅·畢卡索。但這句話的真實性究竟如何呢?畢竟,版權法保護藝術家免受盜竊的侵害。所以這一切是否只是空談呢?

在所有創意領域中,我們都從前人那裡學習。不僅僅是攝影,音樂家也會學習他人的歌曲來提高自己的演奏技巧。畫家會臨摹名家的畫作,學習他們的技巧和手法。甚至作家也會參考他人的詩歌或散文,提取優美的短語或標點符號。要想精通一門技藝,就必須在前人的作品基礎上進行創新。另一句與此相呼應的話是「站在巨人的肩膀上」。

法律對於知識產權的盜竊是明確的,通常懲罰是財務上的。因此,盜竊的行為在大多數情況下是不可行的。然而,這種盜竊的真正目的在於改進或修改原作,使其成為自己的作品。如今,真正的原創性幾乎不存在,因此,從多個來源「竊取」來創造一些前所未見的作品,成為了一種必要。真正的創造力在於找到合適的來源,並巧妙地隱藏它們。

不過,科技使這一切變得更加字面化。目前的許多人工智能圖像生成器,實際上是從互聯網上「盜取」了大量的照片和插圖作為機器學習的訓練材料,而這一切是在未經創作者的知情和許可的情況下進行的。Getty目前正在為此與版權問題作鬥爭。法官已裁定,人工智能生成的圖像並不享有版權。對於商業來說,這既是好消息也是壞消息:他們不必為圖像支付費用,但若其他人使用這些圖像,或者更糟的是,將其用來諷刺自己,則沒有任何保護。

這對我們來說,則是對我們工作的貶值。甚至像Eric Paré這樣的光繪藝術家,他的作品在高成本下由相機生成,卻被標籤為AI作品。人工智能將會持續存在,但如果沒有原創的創作者,它無法進化,因為它缺乏自我意識。如果它真的變得有意識,我不認為讓藝術家失業會是它的首要任務;不禁讓我想起《終結者》的主題音樂。

那麼,這對我們攝影師來說意味著什麼呢?我們依然會不懈努力。我們已習慣於站在他人的三腳架上,尋找拍攝偉大作品的機會。我們在其他人的燈光設置下訓練,精煉自己的技能。但接著,我們將這些知識結合起來,創造出一幅幅壯麗的肖像,或者將其他興趣和攝影結合,創造出不同的作品。竊取一切,但創造出新的東西,這才是創造性和原創性所在。

在這篇文章中,Sean McCormack 提出了攝影創作中的一個重要問題,那就是如何在當今充斥著人工智能和版權爭議的環境中保持創造力。這不僅僅是藝術家的道德抉擇,更是對創意產業未來的深思。隨著技術的發展,我們需要重新思考「靈感」與「盜竊」之間的界限,並在保護創作的同時,鼓勵創新。這也許能激發更多的藝術對話,讓我們在這個複雜的環境中找到新的平衡點。

以上文章由特價GPT API KEY所翻譯及撰寫。而圖片則由FLUX根據內容自動生成。

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  "image_generation_request": {
    "prompt": "Ultra-realistic portrait of a man walking toward the camera on an airport runway at night He wears a white long-sleeve shirt with sleeves rolled up and dress pants, shoes. The camera is very close, capturing his face sharply - textures of skin, smoke from his lips, and subtle reflections of firelight in his eyes. Behind him, slightly out of focus, a commercial airplane is burning intensely, with huge flames, roaring firestorms, and thick black smoke rising high. The fiery glow casts dramatic orange highlights on his shirt and face, creating deep shadows and a gritty, cinematic mood. Wet runway reflects the blaze, enhancing the dramatic atmosphere.",
    "dimensions": {
      "width": 1200,
      "height": 1200
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    "style_descriptors": [
      "Cinematic",
      "Photorealistic",
      "Gritty",
      "Dramatic Lighting",
      "Macro Photography",
      "8k resolution"
    ],
    "subject_details": {
      "action": "Walking toward camera, smoking",
      "clothing": "White long-sleeve shirt (rolled sleeves), dress pants, shoes",
      "facial_features": "Sharp focus, skin texture, firelight reflection in eyes"
    },
    "environment_details": {
      "location": "Airport runway at night",
      "background": "Commercial airplane burning, intense fire, thick black smoke, out of focus",
      "ground": "Wet runway, reflecting fire"
    }
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} Create a sticker set maintaining 100% of the woman's original facial features from the provided image. Do not alter the face, focusing on ultra-realistic details of the facial structure, eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and expression. The final face must be realistic, not cartoon-like. She has long, voluminous hair.
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Eyeshadow: Use natural tones like light brown, peach, or beige.
Eyebrows: Original shape, but brushed up to look softer and more natural.
Lips: Glossy, pink-tinted, nude-pink, or coral-toned lipstick/tint to make the lips look full and moisturized. Focus on a bright but not overly intense look.
2. Hairstyle:Natural Voluminous Long Hair: Her hair is long and flowing, but the styling will emphasize natural volume and movement. Soft, natural waves.
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