美國新指引:AI軍事用途底線曝光

Ai




拜登總統設立AI新指引,限制軍事和情報機構的使用範圍

白宮發佈了首份有關軍事和情報機構使用人工智能的國家安全備忘錄,並公開了一份簡化版本的備忘錄。

這份新的備忘錄為軍事和情報機構在日常運作中使用AI設立了指引,並設定了一系列的期限,要求各機構研究AI工具的應用和規範,大部分期限將在拜登總統任期結束後到期。根據《紐約時報》報導,這份備忘錄旨在限制「最具反烏托邦可能性的發展,包括自主武器的開發」。

國家安全顧問傑克·沙利文在國防大學的一次演講中宣佈了這項新指令,討論AI在政府運作中的角色。沙利文一直是總統最積極的支持者之一,倡議審視AI技術的利弊。他還對中國利用AI控制人口和散播虛假信息表示關注,並希望這份備忘錄能引發其他國家在實施AI策略時的討論。

備忘錄對AI的使用設立了一些明確的限制,尤其是在武器系統方面。備忘錄明確指出,AI不能作為發射核武器或決定移民庇護身份的決策者。它還禁止AI根據種族或宗教追蹤任何人,或在沒有人工介入的情況下判定嫌疑人是否為已知恐怖分子。

此外,備忘錄還為私營部門的AI發展提供了保護,將其視為「需要保護的國家資產,以防止外國對手的間諜活動或盜竊」。備忘錄要求情報機構幫助從事AI模型的私營公司保障其工作,並提供更新的情報報告以保護其AI資產。

編輯評論

這份備忘錄反映了美國政府對AI技術的謹慎態度,尤其是在涉及國家安全的範疇。拜登政府的這一舉措顯示出對AI技術潛在風險的深刻認識,並試圖在科技進步與人類安全之間找到平衡。特別是禁止AI在核武器發射和移民庇護決策中的應用,這樣的限制是對人類倫理和責任的堅持。

然而,這也引發了一個值得深思的問題,即在快速發展的科技時代,政府如何有效監管和引導AI技術的發展。尤其在國際競爭激烈的背景下,如何保持技術優勢同時保障安全,是一個複雜的挑戰。此外,備忘錄中提到的對私營AI資產的保護,也反映出政府對於科技創新和經濟利益的重視。

未來,這樣的政策是否能夠有效實施,並在全球範圍內促成共同的AI倫理標準,將是值得關注的議題。這不僅僅是美國內部的政策問題,更是全球科技治理的挑戰。

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