「Perplexity AI:谷歌的新對手?」

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**Google的新對手:Perplexity AI是什麼?為什麼引發這麼多爭議?**

由Jeff Bezos支持的AI初創公司希望利用大型語言模型(LLM)在搜尋引擎市場挑戰Google,但它正引起不少爭議。

人工智能(AI)初創公司正在掀起波瀾,而Perplexity AI是最新登上頭條的公司之一。

Perplexity是一個AI驅動的搜尋引擎和聊天機器人,從它認為值得信賴的網頁中匯集信息,然後用其工具提供摘要。

該公司是試圖打破Google主導的搜尋引擎市場的初創公司之一。公司表示其使命是「民主化知識的獲取」,讓任何人都能更容易學習和探索新話題。

根據《華爾街日報》,該公司目前每天接收約1500萬次查詢。

**它如何運作?**

Perplexity使用多個大型語言模型(LLM),如OpenAI和Meta的Llama,來生成搜尋摘要。

但它與Google等有何不同?

傳統搜尋引擎使用預先索引的數據,但Perplexity進行實時搜尋,這使其對於快速發展的話題(如新聞)更為有效。

Perplexity不會像其他搜尋引擎那樣提供一系列連結,而是用「清晰的日常語言」給出答案。

它還展示了用於回答的來源連結,讓你知道信息的來源。

**它是如何開始的?**

Perplexity由Andy Konwinski、Aravind Srinivas、Denis Yarats和Johnny Ho於2022年創立,他們在Google AI工作時認識。公司位於美國舊金山灣區,獲得多家風險投資公司的資助,亞馬遜創辦人兼前CEO Jeff Bezos也是其支持者之一。

**為何突然備受關注?**

根據《華爾街日報》的報導,該公司正在籌集資金,希望以80億美元(約74億歐元)的估值籌集約5億美元(約4.63億歐元)。這將使公司的估值翻倍。

但對Perplexity來說,並非一切都是好消息。一些新聞出版商,包括《紐約時報》、《福布斯》和《連線》,以及媒體大亨魯珀特·默多克的道瓊斯和《紐約郵報》,指控該公司抄襲和網頁抓取,部分指控導致訴訟。

默多克的媒體帝國的一起訴訟聲稱,Perplexity策劃了一個方案,免費訓練其模型,轉移出版商網站的流量,這對其收入至關重要。

「這起訴訟是由新聞出版商提起的,旨在為Perplexity的無恥方案索取賠償,該方案試圖爭奪讀者,同時免費搭載出版商生產的有價值內容。」訴訟在紐約南區法院提起。

這起訴訟是技術公司與出版商之間更廣泛版權爭議的一部分,涉及在未經許可的情況下使用新文章和其他內容來運行其系統。

新聞公司認為,Perplexity將其內容攝取到一個內部數據庫中,該數據庫使用一種名為檢索增強生成(Rag)的技術來生成用戶問題的回應。

Perplexity的用戶還可以「跳過連結」到原始出版商。

原告還認為,Perplexity以能夠逐字重現內容的方式來制定其回應。

今年7月,Perplexity宣布了一個收益分享模式,供出版商使用。

「當Perplexity從參考出版商內容的互動中獲得收益時,該出版商也將獲得一部分收益。」Perplexity在一篇博客文章中寫道,並補充說公司將為出版商提供應用程序編程接口(API)積分。

Perplexity AI並不是唯一一家與媒體公司發生糾紛的公司。

在涉及版權和AI時,有兩個主要問題。首先是AI公司是否可以合法使用版權材料來訓練其模型。第二個問題是誰擁有AI生成內容的權利,因為傳統版權法假定人類創作。

**評論:**

Perplexity AI的出現可謂撼動了搜尋引擎的市場格局。作為一個新興的AI驅動工具,它試圖以更即時和人性化的方式提供信息,這是對傳統搜尋引擎的一大挑戰。然而,它也面臨著巨大的法律風險,特別是與版權相關的問題。這不僅是技術與法律的碰撞,也反映了在數位時代下,知識產權的界限變得模糊不清。Perplexity的收益分享模式可能是一種解決方案,但能否有效平息爭議還有待觀察。技術的進步總是伴隨著挑戰,如何在創新與法律之間找到平衡,將是所有AI公司必須面對的問題。

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